Pengaruh Gel Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) Konsentrasi 20?n 40% Terhadap Jumlah Sel Leukosit Polimorfonuklear dan Makrofag Pada Pulpa Terinfeksi (Kajian in vivo Pada Tikus Sprague Dawley dengan Lesion Sterilization Tissue Repair)

Yunirahmilia, Prof. drg. Suryono, S.H.,M.M.,Ph.D

2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi Klinik

Inflamasi timbul sebagai bentuk pertahanan tubuh namun mengganggu apabila terjadi dalam jumlah berlebih dan jangka waktu lama. Kandungan bioaktif organik sulfur bawang putih efektif mengeliminasi bakteri dan menurunkan inflamasi disertai perbaikan jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh perbedaan gel ekstrak bawang putih (GEB) konsentrasi 20?n 40% serta interaksinya dengan lama paparan terhadap jumlah sel leukosit polimorfonuklear (PMN) dan makrofag pulpa gigi terinfeksi.
Jenis penelitian true experimental laboratory dengan post-test only control group design pada 36 molar atas kanan dan kiri tikus Sprague Dawley dengan Lesion Sterilization and Tissue Repair (LSTR), yang sebelumnya diinduksi lipopolysaccharide (LPS), dibagi dalam 12 kelompok berdasarkan perlakuan yaitu, basis gel, triple antibiotics paste (TAP), GEB konsentrasi 20?n 40% serta lama paparan hari ke-1, 3, 5 lalu diamati jumlah PMN dan makrofag. Hasil dianalisis dengan Two-way ANOVA tingkat signifikansi 95% diikuti uji Least Significant Difference (LSD).
Hasil penelitian menunjukan rerata jumlah sel PMN dan makrofag pada GEB konsentrasi 40% lebih rendah dibandingkan 20% namun tidak berbeda signifikan (p>0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini diperoleh GEB konsentrasi 40?n 20% tidak memiliki perbedaan dalam menurunkan jumlah sel PMN dan makrofag. Interaksi konsentrasi GEB dan lama paparan tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap jumlah PMN sebaliknya terdapat pengaruh interaksi konsentrasi GEB dan lama paparan terhadap jumlah makrofag.

Inflammation arises as a form of defence but is disturbing when it occurs in excessive amounts and for a long period of time. The bioactive organic sulphur content of garlic effectively eliminates bacteria and reduces inflammation accompanied by tissue repair. This study aims to examine difference effect of 20% and 40% concentrations of garlic extract gel (GEB), duration of exposure on days 1, 3, and 5 and their interactions on the number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and macrophages of infected pulp.
This research was a true experimental laboratory with post-test only control group design on 36 right and left upper molars of Sprague Dawley rats with Lesion Sterilisation and Tissue Repair (LSTR), previously induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), divided into 12 groups based on the treatment, namely, gel base, triple antibiotics paste (TAP), 20% and 40% concentration of GEB and duration of exposure day then observed the number of PMN and macrophages. Results were analysed by Two-way ANOVA at 95% significance level followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test.
Research results showed that the mean number of PMN cells and macrophages at 40% concentration was lower than 20% GEB but not significantly different (p>0.05).  The conclusion of this study that the concentration of 40% and 20% GEB has no difference in reducing the number of PMN cells and macrophages. The interaction of the concentration GEB and the duration of exposure had no effect on the number of PMNs, while there was an interaction effect of the concentration GEB and the duration of exposure on the number of macrophages.

Kata Kunci : gel ekstrak bawang putih (GEB), sel leukosit polimorfonuklear (PMN), sel makrofag, konsentrasi