PROGRAM IP 400 DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERLINDUNGAN TANAMAN: STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO, JAWA TENGAH

Arroya Silma Restu Syahbunda, Prof. Ir. Andi Trisyono, M.Sc., Ph.D. dan Prof. Ir. Edhi Martono, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

IP 400 merupakan program pemerintah untuk meningkatkan produksi pertanian. Implementasinya di masyarakat sudah dimulai sejak beberapa tahun yang lalu, namun masih banyak petani yang belum mengetahuinya. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang sejarah terbentuknya program IP 400 dan implementasinya di masyarakat dalam hal perlindungan tanaman di wilayah Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah dengan menggunakan metode penelitian wawancara kepada petani, penyuluh, pemerintah sebagai responden dan melakukan metode pengamatan OPT secara langsung. IP 400 terbentuk dari keresahan petani terkait proses penanaman yang terhenti sehingga membuat lahan pertanian dibiarkan terbengkalai setelah masa panen. Gulma mulai bermunculan di lahan yang mengakibatkan perlunya pengolahan lahan secara ekstra. Pelaksanaan IP 400 di Kabupaten Sukoharjo mendapat respon yang baik dari petani dengan persepsi dan tingkat adopsi yang positif sebesar 68,40?n 61,42%, yang berarti masyarakat Sukoharjo telah menyadari pentingnya program ini untuk terus dijalankan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa petani menerima program ini dengan baik, meskipun dalam pelaksanaannya terdapat berbagai macam kendala seperti masalah ketersediaan benih yang berumur genjah, kecukupan air, ketersediaan saprodi dan alsintan serta penyesuaian cara dan pola tanam yang berubah dari sebelumnya. Penelitian ini juga memberikan gambaran mengenai dinamika populasi hama pada sistem pertanian padi IP 400 dan Non IP 400. IP 400 memiliki intensitas serangan hama utama yang lebih tinggi.

IP 400 is a government program to increase agricultural production. Its implementation in the community started several years ago, but many farmers still do not know about it. This study described the history of the formation of the IP 400 program and its implementation in the community in terms of plant protection in the Sukoharjo Regency area, Central Java using the research method of interviews with farmers, extension workers, government as respondents and conducting direct pest observation methods. The formation of IP 400 started from farmers' concerns regarding the stalled planting process that makes the agricultural land left abandoned after the harvest period. Weed began to appear on the land which results in the need for extra land processing. The implementation of IP 400 in Sukoharjo District received a good response from farmers with a positive perception and adoption rate of 68,40% and 61,42%, which means that the Sukoharjo community has realized the importance of this program to keep it running. This shows that farmers accept this program well, although in its implementation there are various kinds of obstacles such as the issue of the availability of early maturing seeds, adequate water, availability of inputs and tools as well as adjustments to cropping methods and patterns that change from before. This study has also provided an overview of the dynamics of pest populations in IP 400 and Non IP 400 rice farming systems. IP 400 has a higher intensity of major pest attacks and population dynamics of major pests than Non IP 400 rice farming system. Plant protection is an aspect that needs to be discussed because it is related to potentive ecological problems. The findings provide an early basis for the sustainability of this program in the future and the success in increasing production.

Kata Kunci : IP 400, implementasi, perlindungan tanaman