Indikator Entomologi Vektor Aedes aegypti dan Analisis Spasial Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue di Desa Ngepringan, Kecamatan Jenar, Kabupaten Sragen, Jawa Tengah

Meliana Rizqiyah, Prof. dr. Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, M.Sc., Ph.D. ; dr. Lutfan Lazuardi, M.Kes., Ph.D.

2023 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

Latar Belakang: Desa Ngepringan menjadi salah satu desa dengan kasus DBD (Demam Berdarah Dengue) terbanyak di Kecamatan Jenar, Sragen. Distribusi kasus DBD mengalami peningkatan 1 kasus menjadi 29 kasus. Pengendalian DBD telah dilakukan namun masih terdapat kasus dan resistensi nyamuk terhadap insektisida sipermetrin banyak dilaporkan.

Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran indikator entomologi Ovitrap Index (OI), House Index (HI), Breteau Index (BI), Container Index (CI), Maya Index (MI) nyamuk Ae. aegypti, status resistensi nyamuk Ae. aegypti terhadap insektisida sipermetrin, dan pola sebaran kasus DBD.

Metode: Penelitian ini adalah observasional deskriptif dengan rancangan penelitian potong-lintang. Pengambilan titik koordinat rumah dengan menggunaan GPS waypoint. Jentik nyamuk diperoleh dari pemasangan ovitrap dan survei larva secara visual pada setiap rumah di lokasi penelitian. Status resistensi diuji dengan metode CDC bottle bioassay.

Hasil: Nilai OI >= 40% di Pungkruk, Ngampo, Kedungringin, Bakpo, dan Sendangrejo. Nilai HI >= 5% di semua lokasi penelitian. Nilai CI >= 10% di semua lokasi penelitian. Nilai BI >= 50% di lokasi Bayanan, Bago, Bakpo, dan Sendangrejo. Nilai MI antara 40%-63%. Status resistensi nyamuk Ae. aegypti terhadap insektisida sipermetrin dengan nilai mortalitas di semua lokasi antara 58%-92%. Pola sebaran kasus DBD di Desa Ngepringan adalah menyebar.

Kesimpulan: Kepadatan telur dan nyamuk termasuk dalam kategori sedang hingga tinggi, potensi dengue rendah di Ngampo, dan sedang di lokasi lainnya. Status resistensi nyamuk Ae. aegypti terhadap insektisida sipermetrin tergolong toleran pada lokasi Bakpo dan resisten pada lokasi lainnya. Pola sebaran kasus DBD di Desa Ngepringan menyebar.

Background: Ngepringan Village is one of the villages in Jenar District, Sragen with the most cases of DHF. The distribution of DHF cases increased by 1 case to 29 cases. DHF control has been carried out but there are still cases and resistance of mosquitoes to cypermethrin insecticides has been reported.

Objective: to determine the entomological indicators such as Ovitrap Index (OI), House Index (HI), Breteau Index (BI), Container Index (CI), Maya Index (MI), the insecticide resistance status of Ae. aegypti to cypermethrin, and the spatial pattern of dengue cases distribution.

Methods: This research is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional study design. Retrieval of house coordinates are determined using a GPS waypoint. Larvae were obtained by installing ovitraps and visually surveying the larvae in each house at the location. Resistance status was tested using the CDC bottle bioassay method.

Results: OI value >= 40% in Pungkruk, Ngampo, Kedungringin, Bakpo, and Sendangrejo. HI value >= 5% in all research locations. CI value >= 10% in all research locations. BI value >= 50% in Bayanan, Bago, Bakpo, and Sendangrejo locations. MI value between 40%-63%. Resistance status of Ae. aegypti in all locations to cypermethrin with a mortality rate between 58%-92%. The pattern of dengue cases distribution in Ngepringan Village was dispersed.

Conclusion: Density of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were in the medium to high category, low dengue potential in Ngampo, and moderate dengue potential in other locations. Resistance status of Ae. aegypti to cypermethrin was classified as tolerant at Bakpo and resistant at other locations. The pattern of dengue cases distribution in Ngepringan Village was dispersed.

Kata Kunci : indikator entomologi, Aedes aegypti, resistensi, spasial