IDENTIFIKASI DAN KARAKTERISASI Colletotrichum spp. PENYEBAB MATI PUCUK PADA MANGGA DI PULAU JAWA
Khaerani Nurlaelita, Dr. Ir. Arif Wibowo, M. Agr.Sc.; Ani Widiastuti, S.P., M.P., Ph.D.
2024 | Tesis | S2 Fitopatologi
Mangga (Mangifera
indica L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura di Indonesia. Sebesar
69.18% produksi mangga di Indonesia berada di Pulau Jawa. Produksi mangga di
Indonesia dihadapkan dengan berbagai tantangan yang menyebabkan fluktuasi
produksi. Penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi disebabkan salah satunya
oleh organisme pengganggu tanaman yaitu genus Colletotrichum dengan
estimasi kehilangan hasil dapat mencapai 100%. Meskipun dampak signifikan dari
infeksi Colletotrichum spp. berada pada fase pascapanen, namun fase ini
tidak dapat dipisahkan dari fase pra-panen di lapangan dimana infeksi awal Colletotrichum
spp. seperti pada daun muda, ranting, dan perbungaan. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui spesies Colletotrichum spp. penyebab mati
pucuk pada mangga berdasarkan identifikasi molekuler secara multigen (ITS,
Actin, GAPDH, dan ?-tubulin); 2)
mengetahui karakter morfologi Colletotrichum spp. penyebab mati pucuk pada
mangga; 3) menguji virulensi Colletotrichum spp. penyebab mati pucuk pada
mangga. Hasil eksplorasi didapatkan 72 sampel ranting mangga bergejala mati
pucuk dan berhasil diisolasi 11 isolat Colletotrichum spp. karakterisasi
molekular dengan rep-PCR menunjukkan 133 pita DNA polimorfisme kombinasi primer
BOX dan ERIC. Enam isolat representatif terpilih dari hasil dendrogram UPGMA
rep-PCR berdasarkan koefisien kemiripan 70% dilanjutkan identifikasi molekuler.
Hasil identifikasi molekuler menunjukkan bahwa isolat MLG-TJB identik dengan C.
cairnsense yang termasuk dalam spesies kompleks C. acutatum, dan
isolat HM-IJB, HM-BDIY, MLG-PAJT, MLG-TJT, dan HM-PAJT identik dengan C.
asianum yang termasuk dalam spesies kompleks C. gleoesporioides. Semua
isolat menunjukkan adanya variasi karakter morfologi. Hasil uji virulensi
menunjukkan semua isolat patogenik terhadap bibit mangga kultivar Arumanis,
dengan isolat MLG-TJT dan HM-PAJT memiliki tingkat virulensi paling tinggi.
Kata kunci: mati pucuk, mangga, C. asianum, C. cairnsense.
Mango (Mangifera
indica L.) is one of the most important horticultural commodities in
Indonesia. Java alone contributes to 69.18% of the national mango production.
However, the mango industry in the country faces various challenges that result
in fluctuations in production. One of the significant challenges is the impact
of plant-disturbing organisms, particularly the Colletotrichum genus.
This leads to yield losses of up to 100%. The impact of Colletotrichum
spp. infection is significant in the postharvest phase, but the pre-harvest
phase in the field cannot be separated. It's during this phase that the initial
infection of Colletotrichum spp. occurs on young leaves, twigs, and
inflorescences. This study aims to achieve the following objectives: 1)
determine the species of Colletotrichum spp. causing dieback in mangoes
based on multigenes (ITS, Actin, GAPDH, and ?-tubulin); 2) determines the morphological character of Colletotrichum
spp. causing dieback in mangoes; 3) test the virulence of Colletotrichum spp. causing dieback
in mangoes. The exploration results obtained 72 samples of mango twigs with
dieback symptoms and successfully isolated 11 isolates of Colletotrichum
spp. Molecular characterization by rep-PCR showed polymorphisms of 133 DNA band
combinations of the BOX and ERIC primers. Six representative isolates were selected from the UPGMA rep-PCR
dendrogram results based on a 70% similarity coefficient. These isolates were
then subjected to molecular identification. The molecular identification
results revealed that MLG-TJB isolates were identical to C. cairnsense,
which belongs to the C. acutatum complex species. On the other hand,
HM-IJB, HM-BDIY, MLG-PAJT, MLG-TJT, and HM-PAJT isolates were identical to C.
asianum, which belongs to the C. gleoesporioides complex species.
All isolates showed variations in morphological characters. The virulence test results showed that all pathogenic
isolates were capable of causing damage to Arumanis cultivar mango seedlings.
Among the isolates, MLG-TJT and HM-PAJT was
found to have the highest virulence level.
Keywords: dieback, mango, C. asianum, C.
cairnsense.
Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: mati pucuk, mangga, C. asianum, C. cairnsense/Keywords: dieback, mango, C. asianum, C. cairnsense
