Analisis Genetik Hasil Persilangan Intraspesies Cabai Hias (Capsicum annuum L.)
Rismawita Sinaga, Prof. Dr. Ir. Aziz Purwantoro, M.Sc.
2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Pemuliaan Tanaman
Intraspecies crossing is a breeding method to improve plant genetics. Etna is an introduced variety that has a cluster character, is compact and not too tall but has colors that are less attractive as an ornamental plant, namely green young fruit and red ripe fruit. Genetic improvement in color can be done by crossing with varieties that have color changes. Genetic analysis is an analysis that needs to be carried out to determine inheritance patterns and evaluate the results of crosses. The aim of this research is to determine the pattern of inheritance of qualitative traits in F1 based on morphological markers, segregation patterns in F1 resulting from crosses and to evaluate the relationship between the F1 population and its parents usingInter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP). This research used three parents, namely Etna (E), Bolivian Rainbow (BR) and Purple Candle Light (PCL). The population consists of an F1 population of 24-26 individuals and an F1R population of 15-24 individuals. Molecular analysis using 10 IRAP primer combinations. The results showed that all F1 plants had the same characters as their reciprocals, indicating that all the observed characters were inherited through the cell nucleus and there was no maternal influence. The anthocyanin coloring of the hypocotyl, nodes, leaves, filaments and young fruit, the color of the flower crown, the shape of the fruit in longitudinal sections are controlled by the dominant gene, while the shortening of the segments and the arrangement of the fruit are controlled by the recessive gene. Anthocyanin staining of the hypocotyl and node follows a partial dominant inheritance pattern. Segregation in the F1 population of ornamental chilies based on IRAP markers showed that 51.06% of loci (E x BR cross) and 53.03% of loci (E x PCL cross) corresponded to a segregation ratio of 100% dominant, presumably the parent genotype of the AA x aa or AA x Aa cross. IRAP markers can group F1 populations and their reciprocals based on their respective cross combinations. The average similarity coefficient value for each cross combination is 0.81, which is greater than the combination of the two crosses (0.76). The IRAP retrotransposon marker can be used to confirm the results of intraspecies crosses of ornamental chili in the F1 population.
Kata Kunci : Persilangan intraspesies, retrotransposon, pewarisan, segregasi