<xml> Normal 0 false false false EN-ID X-NONE X-NONE </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> The inability to meet the demand for raw materials and excipients in the pharmaceutical industry increases the import ratio. For example, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) is still a major import. Na-CMC is extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry as a thickening, stabilizing, emulsifying, tablet binding, and base gel. Na-CMC is synthesized from cellulosic natural products, such as durian peels, which are generally organic wastes. This study aims to utilize durian peel waste as a resource to produce Na-CMC that complies with the monographs of pharmaceutical excipients. In this research, the dried durian peel waste of losan-semoyo variety from Kediri Regency, East Java was used. Furthermore, the optimization of the extraction method was conducted by using Box-Behnken design method. The independent variables were temperature 60-100°C, time 2-6 hours, and NaOH concentration 5-15%. The optimum condition of the extraction method can produce the highest cellulose content of 78% and yield of 40.45% at 10.164% NaOH, 60°C, and 2 hours incubation. The synthesis of Na-CMC through alkalization and carboxymethylation steps produced a yield of 96.54% with a purity of 95%. The characterization of Na-CMC powder had a yellowish-white color, forming a colloidal solution in water with a pH of 7.33, a loss on drying of 8%, a sodium content of 8.18%, and a degree of substitution value of 0.805. In conclusion, Na-CMC prepared from losan-semoyo durian peel waste had similar properties to commercial Na-CMC according to the results of FTIR, SEM, XRD, and DSC instruments. "> <xml> Normal 0 false false false EN-ID X-NONE X-NONE </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> The inability to meet the demand for raw materials and excipients in the pharmaceutical industry increases the import ratio. For example, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) is still a major import. Na-CMC is extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry as a thickening, stabilizing, emulsifying, tablet binding, and base gel. Na-CMC is synthesized from cellulosic natural products, such as durian peels, which are generally organic wastes. This study aims to utilize durian peel waste as a resource to produce Na-CMC that complies with the monographs of pharmaceutical excipients. In this research, the dried durian peel waste of losan-semoyo variety from Kediri Regency, East Java was used. Furthermore, the optimization of the extraction method was conducted by using Box-Behnken design method. The independent variables were temperature 60-100°C, time 2-6 hours, and NaOH concentration 5-15%. The optimum condition of the extraction method can produce the highest cellulose content of 78% and yield of 40.45% at 10.164% NaOH, 60°C, and 2 hours incubation. The synthesis of Na-CMC through alkalization and carboxymethylation steps produced a yield of 96.54% with a purity of 95%. The characterization of Na-CMC powder had a yellowish-white color, forming a colloidal solution in water with a pH of 7.33, a loss on drying of 8%, a sodium content of 8.18%, and a degree of substitution value of 0.805. In conclusion, Na-CMC prepared from losan-semoyo durian peel waste had similar properties to commercial Na-CMC according to the results of FTIR, SEM, XRD, and DSC instruments. ">
Laporkan Masalah

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Carboxymethylcellulose - Natrium (CMC-Na) dari Kulit Buah Durian Varietas Losan-Semoyo (Durio Zibethinus L.) sebagai Eksipien

Heka Mareta Nugraheni, Dr. Eng. apt. Khadijah, M.Si. ; Dr. Djoko Santosa, M.Si

2024 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 false false false EN-ID X-NONE X-NONE </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> Rendahnya kemampuan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan bahan baku dan bahan penolong di industri farmasi menyebabkan angka impor menjadi tinggi. Sebagai contoh, carboxymethylcellulose - natrium (CMC-Na) masih di impor dalam jumlah besar. CMC-Na digunakan secara luas pada industri farmasi sebagai pengental, penstabil, pengemulsi, pengikat tablet dan bahan dasar sediaan gel. CMC-Na dapat disintesis dari bahan alam yang mengandung selulosa, salah satunya adalah kulit buah durian yang umumnya merupakan limbah tidak terpakai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan limbah kulit durian sebagai sumber produksi CMC-Na yang sesuai dengan monografi eksipien farmasi.

Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel limbah kulit buah durian varietas losan-semoyo yang diperoleh dari Kabupaten Kediri, Jawa Timur. Selanjutnya optimisasi metode ekstraksi menggunakan metode Box-Behnken Design. Variabel bebas menggunakan suhu 60-100°C, waktu 2-6 jam, dan kosentrasi NaOH 5-15%. Kondisi optimum dari metode ekstraksi dengan kombinasi NaOH 10,164%, suhu 60°C dalam waktu 2 jam dapat menghasilkan kadar selulosa 78?n rendemen 40,45%. Sintesis CMC-Na melalui tahap alkalisasi dan karboksimetilasi menghasilkan rendemen sebanyak 96,54?ngan kemurnian 95%. Karakterisasi serbuk CMC-Na berwarna putih kekuningan, membentuk larutan koloidal dalam air dengan pH 7,33, susut pengeringan 8%, kadar natrium 8,18%, dan nilai derajat substitusi 0,805. Hasil akhir menyatakan bahwa CMC-Na yang dihasilkan dari kulit buah durian losan-semoyo memberikan karakteristik yang sama dengan CMC-Na komersial berdasarkan hasil uji menggunakan instrumen FTIR, SEM, XRD dan DSC.


<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 false false false EN-ID X-NONE X-NONE </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> The inability to meet the demand for raw materials and excipients in the pharmaceutical industry increases the import ratio. For example, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) is still a major import. Na-CMC is extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry as a thickening, stabilizing, emulsifying, tablet binding, and base gel. Na-CMC is synthesized from cellulosic natural products, such as durian peels, which are generally organic wastes. This study aims to utilize durian peel waste as a resource to produce Na-CMC that complies with the monographs of pharmaceutical excipients.

In this research, the dried durian peel waste of losan-semoyo variety from Kediri Regency, East Java was used. Furthermore, the optimization of the extraction method was conducted by using Box-Behnken design method. The independent variables were temperature 60-100°C, time 2-6 hours, and NaOH concentration 5-15%. The optimum condition of the extraction method can produce the highest cellulose content of 78% and yield of 40.45% at 10.164% NaOH, 60°C, and 2 hours incubation. The synthesis of Na-CMC through alkalization and carboxymethylation steps produced a yield of 96.54% with a purity of 95%. The characterization of Na-CMC powder had a yellowish-white color, forming a colloidal solution in water with a pH of 7.33, a loss on drying of 8%, a sodium content of 8.18%, and a degree of substitution value of 0.805. In conclusion, Na-CMC prepared from losan-semoyo durian peel waste had similar properties to commercial Na-CMC according to the results of FTIR, SEM, XRD, and DSC instruments.


Kata Kunci : Kata Kunci : CMC-Na, Durio zibethinus, selulosa, eksipien, losan-semoyo / Keywords: CMC-Na, Durio zibethinus, cellulose, excipient, losan-semoyo

  1. S2-2024-502117-abstract.pdf  
  2. S2-2024-502117-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S2-2024-502117-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S2-2024-502117-title.pdf