Prevalensi dan Durasi Disfungsi Olfaktori dan Gustatori Pada Pasien COVID-19: Rapid Review

Sarah Nurhalisah, Dr. dr. Abdul Ghofir, Sp.S(K)., M.Sc; dr. Dhite Bayu Nugroho M.Sc, PhD; dr. Mawaddah Ar Rochmah PhD, Sp.N

2023 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang : Rongga hidung dan sinus paranasal merupakan pintu gerbang

utama infeksi dan berkembangnya virus. Tingginya muatan virus (viral load) pada

sekresi sinonasal juga menunjukkan tingginya risiko penularan, meskipun gejala

sinonasal tampaknya bukan merupakan gejala utama COVID-19. Gejala umum

COVID-19 pada awal pandemi yang telah dikenal yaitu demam, batuk, lemas, sakit

kepala, tidak nyaman pada perut, sesak dan nyeri otot, namun dilaporkan gangguan

olfaktori dan gustatori mulai meningkat pada pasien COVID-19. Kejadian anosmia

mendadak harus dikenali oleh komunitas sains internasional sebagai gejala yang

penting infeksi COVID-19.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui prevalensi kejadian gangguan olfaktori dan gustatori

pada COVID-19 di Indonesia sebagai langkah deteksi dini dan prevensi penyebaran

penularan COVID-19 lebih jauh dan melebar serta mengetahui onset durasi gejala

tersebut dengan hipotesis terdapat prevalensi yang cukup tinggi untuk disfungsi

olfaktori dan gustatori pada kasus COVID-19.

Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat rapid review yang akan melihat prevalensi dan

durasi disfungsi olfaktori dan gustatori pada pasien COVID-19 berdasarkan

literatur ilmiah dari database berupa PubMed, Scopus, dan Proquest. Populasi

dalam penelitian ini adalah artikel yang diambil dari database berupa PubMed,

Scopus, dan Proquest. Sampel penelitian adalah artikel yang memenuhi kriteria

Population/Person, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Studi Design (PICOS),

kriteria inklusi, dan kriteria eksklusi yang sudah ditentukan.

Hasil: Presentase disfungsi olfaktori tertinggi yaitu 85,3?n presentase terendah

yaitu 4,5%. Presentase disfungsi gustatori tertinggi yaitu 70,5?n presentase

terendah yaitu 7%. Durasi disfungsi olfaktori dan gustatori terlama yaitu 21 hari

dan disfungsi olfaktori dan gustatori tercepat yaitu 4,9 hari.

Kesimpulan: Prevalensi disfungsi olfaktori tertinggi yaitu 85,3?n presentase

terendah yaitu 4,5%. Prevalensi disfungsi gustatori tertinggi yaitu 70,5?n

presentase terendah yaitu 7%. Durasi disfungsi olfaktori dan gustatori terlama yaitu

21 hari dan disfungsi olfaktori dan gustatori tercepat yaitu 5 hari.

Kata kunci : prevalensi, durasi, disfungsi, olfaktori, gustatori, COVID-19.

Background: The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are the main gateway for

infection and the development of viruses. The high viral load in sinonasal secretions

also indicates a high risk of transmission, although sinonasal symptoms do not

appear to be the main symptom of COVID-19. The common symptoms of COVID-

19 at the start of the pandemic that were known were fever, cough, weakness,

headache, stomach discomfort, tightness and muscle aches, but it was reported that

olfactory and gustatory disorders were starting to increase in COVID-19 patients.

The sudden occurrence of anosmia should be recognized by the international

scientific community as an important symptom of COVID-19 infection.

Objective: This study was to determine the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory

disorders in COVID-19 in Indonesia as a step for early detection and prevention of

further and wider spread of COVID-19 transmission and to determine the onset and

duration of these symptoms with the hypothesis that there is a fairly high prevalence

of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID cases -19.

Method: This study is a rapid review which will look at the prevalence and

duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients based on

scientific literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Proquest. The

population in this study are articles taken from databases such as PubMed, Scopus,

and Proquest. The research sample is articles that meet the Population/Person,

Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design (PICOS) criteria, inclusion

criteria and exclusion criteria that have been determined.

Results: The highest percentage of olfactory dysfunction is 85.3% and the lowest

percentage is 4.5%. The highest percentage of gustatory dysfunction is 70.5% and

the lowest percentage is 7%. The longest duration of olfactory and gustatory

dysfunction is 21 days and the fastest is 4.9 days.

Conclusion: The highest prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was 85.3% and the

lowest percentage was 4.5%. The highest prevalence of gustatory dysfunction is

70.5% and the lowest percentage is 7%. The longest duration of olfactory and

gustatory dysfunction was 21 days and the fastest was 5 days.

Keywords: prevalence, duration, dysfunction, olfactory, gustatory, COVID-19.

Kata Kunci : prevalensi, durasi, disfungsi, olfaktori, gustatori, COVID-19.