Pengaruh permukiman terhadap kualitas air sumur gali di Kota Kecamatan Gamping Kabupaten Sleman

PUTUHENA, Jusmy Dolvis, Drs. R. Suharyadi, MSc

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan Magister Pengelolaan Lingkungan

Penelitian ini meliputi 9 dusun di Kota Kecamatan Gamping Kabupaten Sleman pada ketinggian tempat antara 87 – 110 meter dpl, dengan luas daerah 335,69 ha. Tujuannya adalah: a. mengetahui karakteristik airtanah pada sumur gali, b. mengetahui kualitas airtanah pada sumur gali untuk mendukung pemanfaatannya sebagai sumber air minum, c. mengetahui faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kualitas airtanah. Dalam penelitian ini permukiman dikategorikan menjadi tiga kelas yaitu permukiman padat, permukiman sedang dan permukiman jarang. Pengambilan contoh air secara stratified randome sampling pada sumur gali dilakukan saat pagi sampai siang hari dengan volume sebanyak 600 ml, contoh airtanah diuji di laboratorium untuk parameter fisik, kimia dan biologis. Hasil analisa dibandingkan dengan baku mutu air minum Golongan B, kemudian dipetakan dan dianalisis secara keruangan. Untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kualitas air sumur, dilakukan analisis statistik regresi linear berganda dengan variabel bebas adalah kedalaman sumur (X1), Kedalaman muka airtanah (X2), jarak septik tank ke sumur (X3) dan variabel terikat adalah jumlah bakteri koli (Y). Jumlah bakteri koli dipilih sebagai variabel terikat karena semua contoh air sumur telah tercemar bakteri koli. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sumur gali di daerah penelitian yang diteliti, secara umum ada yang tercemar dan ada yang belum tercemar. Parameter air yang belum tercemar adalah zat padat terlarut (TDS) 83,40 mg/l; pH 7,12; nitrat 7,00 mg/l; nitrit 0,01 mg/l. Parameter air yang sudah tercemar antara lain kekeruhan 15,56 NTU; amoniak 0,08 mg/l, zat organik 1,92 mg/l dan bakteri koli 1.153,75 MPN/100 ml. Akibat dari parameter-paramter air yang sudah tercemar tersebut, terutama bersifat patogen yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia, sehingga air sumur sudah tidak layak sebagai air minum karena setelah dibandingkan dengan Baku Mutu Golongan B yang dikeluarkan oleh Keputusan Gubernur Kepala Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Nomor 214/KPTS/1991 tentang Baku Mutu Lingkungan Untuk Wilayah Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kualitas airtanah dilokasi penelitian secara umum adalah jarak sumur dengan sumber pencemar sebesar 40,2%. Pencemaran airtanah yang terjadi di lokasi penelitian, lebih banyak terjadi pada bagian timur lokasi penelitian, hal ini disebabkan karena arah aliran airtanah menuju ke timur

This study comprises 9 villages in Gamping sub-district, Sleman Regency, at the altitude between 87 and 110 meters above sea level, with 335,69 ha in width of the area. The objectives of the study are: a) to find out the characteristics of ground water in digging well, b) to find out the quality of ground water in well to support its utilization as a source of drinking water, c) to find out the dominant factors affecting the quality of ground water. In this study, settlement area is categorized into three classes, that is hight, medium, and low density. Water sample a take using stratified randome sampling in digging well was conducted in the morning up to daytime with the volume of 600 ml, the samples of ground water were tested in the laboratory for physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The results of analysis were compared to Class B quality standard of drinking water, then being mapped and analyzed in the matter of space. To find out the dominant factors affecting the quality of ground water, the multiple linear regression statistical analysis was conducted, with the independent variables are the depth of well (X1), the depth of the surface of water (X2), the distance between septic tank and well (X3), and the dependent variable is the amount of coli bacteria (Y). The amount of coli bacteria was determined as dependent variable because coli bacteria already polluted all of the samples of well water. The results of the study showed that among the wells in the location of the study, in general there were some of them that have been already polluted and some have not been polluted yet. The parameters of water that have not been polluted yet are dissolved solid matter (TDS), of 83,40 mg/l; pH, of 7,12; nitrate, 0f 7,00 mg/l; and nitrite, of 0,01 mg/l. The parameters of water that have been already polluted are turbidity, of 15,56 NTU; ammonia, of 0,08 mg/l; organic substance, of 1,92 mg/l; and coli bacteria of 1.157,75 MPN/100 ml. The parameters of water that have been already polluted primarily are pathogenic that endanger the human health, so that the well water is not proper to be used as drinking water. After it was compared to the Class B Quality Standard issued in the Governor of the Special District of Yogyakarta Province Number 214/KPTS/1991 regarding Environment Quality Standard for the Special District of Yogyakarta Province. The dominant factors affecting the quality of ground water in the location of the study in general are the source of pollution of 40,2%. The pollution of ground water that occurred in stady area, it occurred more in the eastern side of the location of the study, because the flow of ground water is in eastward direction.

Kata Kunci : Lingkungan Hidup,Kualitas Air Sumur,Permukiman, quality, ground water, residential area.