Respon Citizenship Masyarakat Manggarai di Antara Kebijakan Negara dan Tradisi (Analisis Tradisi Cear Cumpe dan Pembabtisan Menurut Tradisi Orang Manggarai Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Kebijakan Administrasi Pencatatan Kelahiran di Kabupaten Manggarai, Provinsi NTT)

Robertus Heron Banilo, Dr. Subando Agus Margono, M.Si

2023 | Tesis | S2 Administrasi Publik

Tulisan ini menyoroti praktik kewargaan masyarakat Manggarai dalam tradisi cear

cumpe dan pembaptisan. Praktik sosial-kultural tersebut membawa diskusi tentang

kewargaan bergerak dari pandangan legalistik yang berfokus pada hak dan tanggung

jawab menuju serangkaian proses sosial di mana individu dan kelompok sosial

bernegosiasi, mengklaim dan mempraktekkan tidak hanya hak, tanggung jawab dan

kewajiban tetapi juga rasa memiliki sebagai sebuah jalan yang memungkinkan

partisipasi dalam komunitas sebagai cara mendefinisikan konsep kewargaan. Elaborasi

praktik tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana respon masyarakat Manggarai

di antara kebijakan legal-formal dan tradisi. Untuk mencpai maksud tersebut, maka

tulisan ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis.

Metode ini menyoroti bagaimana respon masyarakat Manggarai dalam mendefinisikan

kewargaannya terutama melalui kebijakan administrasi kependudukan dan tradisi cear

cumpe serta pembaptisan. Dalam konteks sosial masyarakat Manggarai, konsep

kewargaan yang terbentuk melalui tradisi adalah fenomena sosial yang membentuk

serta mendefinisikan konsep kewargaan orang Manggarai di samping konsep

kewargaan legal-formal dalam bingkai negara-bangsa. Ruang hidup, ikatan

kekerabatan serta ikatan sejarah dalam bingkai kolonialisme membentuk konsep

mereka tentang kewargaan. Fenomena tersebut juga mempengaruhi realitas keseharian

mereka ketika berhadapan dengan negara dalam kebijakan administrasi pencatatan dan

kelahiran. Ketiganya berada dalam ruang sosial yang sama dan membentuk cara orang

Manggarai mendefinisikan dan mempraktikan konsep kewargaan. Karena itu

memahami konsep masyarakat mengenai isu kewargaan membuka jalan bagi cara-cara

baru dalam melihat realitas di tengah masyarakat.

This paper presents the sociocultural phenomenon on the integration of the traditional

ceremony of Cear Cumpe, the legal-formal policies of citizenship, and the Catholic baptism tradition in constructing the citizenship among the Manggarain community in

Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. It examines the community’s responses

toward the values of legal-formal policies and traditions in constructing their

citizenship identities. This qualitative study applied the phenomenological approach,

in which the data were primarily obtained through in-depth interviews involving

several community elements as participants. In this study, the participants examined

their views on how the community constructed their citizenship, primarily through the

lens of the legal administration policies, the traditional ceremony of Cear Cumpe, and

the Catholic baptism tradition. The findings confirmed that in the Manggaraian

context, citizenship identity was formed through these three coexisting realities.

However, among these realities, the tradition was identified to have a more substantial

contribution in shaping and defining their concept of citizenship in addition to the

legal-formal concept of citizenship within the frame of the nation-state. Moreover, the

living space, kinship ties, and historical ties within the framework of colonialism

represented through the Catholic baptism tradition were also indicated to contribute

the construction of their citizenship concept. It also revealed that in this sociocultural

practice, the legal form values of their citizenship primarily focused on defining their

rights and responsibilities towards a series of legal processes managed by the

governance. Meanwhile, the social process, their sociocultural identity as a

Manggaraian, in which individuals and social groups negotiate, claim, and practice not

only rights, responsibilities, and obligations, are defined as their prominent citizenship

identity. More importantly, their sociocultural identity is defined as their prominent

identity that constructed their sense of belonging as Manggaraian that significantly

affecting their daily realities, including dealing with the state in registration and birth

administration policies. Therefore, governments and other relevant stakeholders are

expected to recognize and consider these sociocultural realities in determining the

citizenship policies in this kind of traditional community.

Kata Kunci : Kewargaan, Cear Cumpe, Pembaptisan, Administrasi Kependudukan/ Citizenship, Cear Cumpe, Baptism, Administration of Citizenship