STUDI KINETIKA REAKSI INTERESTERIFIKASI MINYAK KELAPA DENGAN GLISEROL
Larasati Dian Permatasari, Prof. Ir. Hary Sulistyo, S.U., Ph.D., IPU. ; Maulana Gilar Nugraha, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D.
2024 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Kimia
Indonesia relies on surfactant imports, and currently, these surfactants are petroleum-based. Therefore, there is a need to develop surfactants made from renewable raw materials and degradable. Glycerol ester-based surfactants can provide a solution to this issue. Monoglyceride (MG) and Digliceride (DG) are extensively used surfactants in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Interesterification of oil with glycerol is one method used for MG and DG production. This research aims to determine the influence of operating temperature and the molar ratio of oil to glycerol on MG and DG formation and to study the kinetics of coconut oil interesterification with glycerol.
The study utilized a batch system with temperature variations from 150°C, 160 °C ,170°C, 180°C,and 190°C and molar ratios of reactants (glycerol: coconut oil) at 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 5:1. The reaction lasted for 90 minutes and using 1% NaOH as catalyst. Samples were collected every 15 minutes for analyzing the concentrations of MG, DG, and TG. Subsequently, kinetic modeling of interesterification reaction was performed using MATLAB software.
The research results indicate that increasing the reaction temperature can enhance product concentration fractions, but excessive high temperatures can lead to TG degradation, requiring a limitation on temperature increase. Additionally, experimental results show that product concentration fraction decreases with an increasing molar ratio of glycerol to coconut oil. Excessive glycerol can elevate the viscosity of the reaction mixture, resulting in increasing mass transfer resistance. The optimal operating conditions were achieved at a temperature of 170°C and a molar ratio of oil to glycerol to coconut oil (1:1), resulting DG and MG concentration fractions of 25.10% and 8.19%, respectively. The proposed kinetic model adequately represents the occurring phenomena with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) below 10%. Activation energy values for each reaction are E1: 61,29 kJ/mol, E2: 53,13 kJ/mol, E3: 76,28 kJ/mol, E4: 28,66 kJ/mol, E5: 56,47 kJ/mol, and E6: 60,03 kJ/mol. The kinetic data can be use to scale up the research to an industrial level.
Kata Kunci : Gliserol, Minyak kelapa, NaOH, Interesterifikasi, Pengemulsi