Pengaruh Konsentrasi HNO3 dan Temperatur Aktivasi dalam Sintesis Karbon Aktif Berbasis Bambu Apus (Gigantochloa apus) sebagai Adsorben Stronsium
Regina Beatrix Laisina, Dr.Ing. Ir. Kusnanto; Dr. Ir. Widya Rosita, S.T., M.T., IPU.
2024 | Skripsi | TEKNIK NUKLIR
Stronsium-90 (Sr-90) merupakan radioisotop yang dihasilkan oleh reaksi fisi nuklir. Sr-90 memiliki waktu paruh sekitar 28,8 tahun dan termasuk pemancar beta. Partikel beta dapat merusak jaringan hidup dan meningkatkan risiko kanker. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan pemisahan Sr-90 dari limbah cair radioaktif yaitu salah satunya dengan metode adsorpsi. Adsorben karbon aktif dibuat dari arang bambu yang diaktivasi menggunakan HNO3. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan eksperimen mengenai hubungan antara konsentrasi dan temperatur aktivasi dengan kemampuan adsorpsi karbon aktif.
Proses aktivasi kimia dilakukan dengan metode batch menggunakan rangkaian refluks dalam waterbath. Variasi konsentrasi aktivator HNO3 dan temperatur aktivasi ditentukan oleh RSM dengan rentang konsentrasi 4 – 11 vol. ?n temperatur 44 – 86 °C. Setelah karbon aktif selesai disintesis, tahap adsorpsi stronsium dilakukan dalam gelas beker dengan konsentrasi awal limbah 25 mg/L. Sampel limbah hasil adsorpsi melalui tahap pengujian dengan AAS untuk mengetahui konsentrasi limbah yang terjerap.
Strontium-90 (Sr-90) is a radioisotope produced as a by-product of nuclear fission reactions. Sr-90 has a half-life of about 28.8 years and is a beta emitter. Beta particles can damage living tissue and increase the risk of cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to separate Sr-90 from radioactive liquid waste, one of which is by adsorption. Activated carbon was made from bamboo activated using HNO3. In this study, experiments were conducted on the relationship between concentration and activation temperature with the adsorption ability of activated carbon.
The chemical activation process was carried out by batch method using a reflux setup in a waterbath. Variations of HNO3 concentration and activation temperature were determined by RSM with a concentration range of 4 – 11 vol. % and a temperature of 44 – 86 °C. After the activated carbon was synthesized, the strontium adsorption stage was carried out with an initial strontium concentration of 25 mg/L before going through AAS testing.
The results of this study indicate that the concentration of HNO3 has no significant effect, while the activation temperature has a significant effect on the quality of the adsorbent. The best adsorption capacity was obtained on activated carbon with 9.786 vol. % HNO3 activated at 85.213 °C, which produced adsorption capacity of 1.820, efficiency of 59.9%, and decontamination factor of 2.365.
Kata Kunci : Stronsium-90, Karbon Aktif, Kapasitas Adsorpsi, HNO3