Pengalaman Perawat dalam Menangani Kejadian Reaksi Alergi Kemoterapi

Nurul Setianingrum, Haryani, S.Kp., M.Kes., Ph.D.; Dr. Wiwin L, S.Kep.Ns., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Mat.

2024 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Kanker adalah tumor ganas yang terbentuk karena pertumbuhan sel- sel liar yang tidak terkendali dan dapat menyebar ke tempat lain. Penatalaksanaan kanker dapat melalui pembedahan, kemoterapi, dan radioterapi. Kemoterapi dapat menimbulkan efek samping bagi pasien, salah satunya adalah reaksi alergi/ hipersensitivitas kemoterapi.

Tujuan Penelitian: Menggali pengalaman perawat dalam menangani kejadian reaksi alergi kemoterapi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 7 partisipan yang terdiri dari 4 perawat onkologi dari ruang One Day Care (ODC) Kemoterapi Dewasa ICC dan 3 perawat ruang One Day Care (ODC) Kemoterapi Dewasa Tulip, RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Pengambilan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan observasi lapangan yang dicatat pada fields note. Analisis data wawancara dibuat transkrip, kemudian dibaca berulang-ulang dan dbuat koding secara manual, kemudian koding-koding tersebut dikelompokkan dalam kategori yang akhirnya di kelompokkan lagi hingga terbentuk tema.

Hasil: Lima (5) tema diidentifikasi dari penelitian ini yaitu 1) Kemampuan identifikasi kejadian reaksi alergi kemoterapi yang diidentifikasi oleh perawat, 2) Respon perawat dalam menangani reaksi alergi kemoterapi, 3) Berbagai tantangan perawat menangani reaksi alergi kemoterapi, 4) Pengelolaan yang tepat dalam penanganan reaksi alergi kemoterapi, dan 5) Dukungan yang diharapkan perawat saat menangani reaksi alergi kemoterapi.

Kesimpulan: Perawat melakukan penanganan reaksi alergi kemoterapi dengan mengidentifikasi kejadian reaksi alergi kemoterapi, respon, tantangan, pengelolaan, serta dukungan yang diharapkan. Sehingga perawat membutuhkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan khusus tentang kemoterapi, dukungan dari pihak manajemen rumah sakit yang diwujudkan dengan ketersediaan dan kelengkapan fasilitas, sumber daya manusia, serta penggunaan alat-alat kesehatan sesuai standar pelayanan kemoterapi.

Background: Cancer is a malignant tumor that forms due to the uncontrolled growth of wild cells and can spread to other places. Cancer management can be done through surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy can cause side effects for patients, one of which is an allergic reaction/chemotherapy hypersensitivity.

Objective: Exploring nurses' experiences in dealing with allergic reactions to chemotherapy.

Methode: This research was qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. This research was conducted on 7 participants consisting of 4 oncology nurses from the ICC Adult Chemotherapy One Day Care (ODC) room and 3 nurses from the Tulip Adult Chemotherapy One Day Care (ODC) room,

RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Data were collected by conducting in-depth interviews and field observations recorded in fields notes. Analysis of interview data was transcribed, then read repeatedly and coded manually, then the coding was grouped into categories which were finally grouped again until themes were formed.

Result: Five (5) themes are presented in this research, namely 1) Ability to identify chemotherapy allergic reactions, 2) Responses of nurses in dealing with allergic reactions to chemotherapy, 3) Various challenges for nurses in dealing with allergic reactions to chemotherapy, 4) Appropriate management in handling allergic reactions to chemotherapy, and 5) Support expected by nurses when handling allergic reactions to chemotherapy.

Conclusion: Nurses handle chemotherapy allergic reactions by identifying the incidence of chemotherapy allergic reactions, responses, challenges, management, and expected support. So nurses need special knowledge and skills about chemotherapy, support from hospital management which is realized by the availability and completeness of facilities, human resources, and the use of health equipment according to chemotherapy service standards.

Kata Kunci : alergi kemoterapi, hipersensitivitas kemoterapi, kemoterapi, penanganan alergi, pengalaman perawat, allergy management, chemotherapy allergies, chemotherapy hypersensitivity, chemotherapy, nurses experience