Pengaruh Perbandingan Komposisi pada Kualitas Getah Pinus (Pinus merkusii) terhadap Kualitas Gondorukem

Laili Suci Nuraini, Ir. Sigit Sunarta, S.Hut., M.P., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU

2023 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Pinus (Pinus merkusii) telah dimanfaatkan secara meluas bukan hanya dari kayunya saja tetapi juga dapat diambil hasil lain berupa getah pinus. Salah satu produk olahan getah pinus adalah gondorukem. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan rekayasa penambahan getah dengan kualitas lebih tinggi terhadap getah dengan kecenderungan kualitas lebih rendah. Penambahan getah bermutu tinggi ini diasumsikan dapat mengurangi persentase kadar kotoran dan kadar air pada getah bermutu rendah sehingga kualitas getah secara umum mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh perbandingan komposisi kualitas getah pinus terhadap kualitas gondorukem yang dihasilkan.
Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel getah pinus kelas premium, IIA, dan IIB yang diperoleh dari PGT Sapuran. Pada masing-masing getah dengan kualitas IIA dan IIB kemudian dilakukan substitusi dengan getah premium sebanyak 30%, 40%, dan 50% (berdasarkan berat sampel). Sampel campuran getah pinus kemudian didistilasi hingga diperoleh gondorukem. Pengujian gondorukem yang dilakukan meliputi bilangan asam, bilangan penyabunan, warna, titik lunak, kadar bahan tak larut toluena, kadar abu, dan kadar bagian yang menguap. Desain penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan analisis ANOVA dan uji Tukey HSD sebagai uji lanjut.
Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diketahui bilangan asam dan bilangan penyabunan secara berurutan berkisar antara 192,14 – 197,05 mg KOH/g dan 198,45 – 213,18 mg KOH/g. Kisaran warna gondorukem secara berurutan berkisar antara N – WW (8,4 – 6,9), sedangkan kisaran titik lunak gondorukem berada pada suhu 72,2 – 78 oC. Sementara itu, kisaran kadar abu, kadar bahan tak larut toluena, dan kadar bagian yang menguap, berturut-turut berada pada rentang 0,04 – 0,12%, 0,14 – 0,6?n 1,8 – 4,6%. Interaksi antara faktor kelas kualitas getah dan faktor substitusi getah premium tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan pada seluruh parameter pengujian. Pada faktor kelas kualitas getah ditemukan perbedaan signifikan pada bilangan asam, bilangan penyabunan, warna, kadar bahan tak larut toluena, dan kadar abu. Sementara itu, pada faktor substitusi getah ditemukan perbedaan signifikan pada keseluruhan parameter.

Pine (Pinus merkusii) has been widely used not only for its wood but also for other parts such as its resin, it can be processed into various products such as gum rosin. This research observed the substitution of higher-quality pine resin to the lower quality ones. The substitution of higher quality pine resin is assumed to decrease the percentage of dirt and moisture content in lower-quality pine resin. Therefore, the quality of pine resin will increase generally. This research aims to determine the effect of comparative compositions of pine resin quality on the quality of gum rosin.
This research utilized pine resin from three quality classes, which were premium, IIA, and IIB. It samples obtained from Gondorukem and Terpentine Industry Sapuran. Each pine resin with lower-quality both from IIA and IIB classes was substituted with premium pine resin at the amount of 30%, 40%, and 50%. Furthermore, the mixed sample of pine resin was distilled to obtain gum rosin. Gum rosin properties were examined including acid number, saponification number, color value, softening point, toluene insoluble content, ash content and volatile content. This research applied a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) by using ANOVA analysis and Tukey HSD test as the post hoc.
The result showed that the acid number and saponification number sequentially were in the range of 192.14 – 197.05 mg KOH/g and 198.45 – 213.18 mg KOH/g. The color value range of gum rosin is sequentially between N – WW, while the softening point range was at a temperature of 72.2 – 78 oC. Additionally, the range of ash content, toluene insoluble content and volatile content sequentially were in the range of 0.04 – 0.12%, 0.14 – 0.6% and 1.8 – 4.6 %. The interaction between pine resin quality class factor and pine resin substitution did not have a significant influence on all test parameters. In the pine resin quality class factor, the significant differences were found in acid number, saponification number, color value, toluene insoluble content, and ash content. In the pine resin substitution factor, the significant differences were found in all parameters.

Kata Kunci : getah pinus, gondorukem, kualitas, substitusi getah, kelas kualitas getah;pine resin, gum rosin, quality, resin substitution, resin quality class