Ruang terbuka publik pada perumahan lahan terbatas (Mini Real Estate) :: Studi kasus Perumahan terencana di kawasan tumbuh cepat Kabupaten Bantul

YUSDAYATI, Fenty, Ir. T. Yoyok Wahyu Subroto, M.Eng.,PhD

2004 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Arsitektur

Pembangunan mini real estate khususnya di Kabupaten Bantul keberadaan ruang terbuka publik masih menjadi persyaratan dalam perijinan. Guna mematuhi peraturan yang ada, fasilitas umum ruang terbuka publik dalam lingkungan perumahan menjadi relatif sempit, mengingat perhitungan luas ruang terbuka tersebut berdasarkan jumlah penghuni/kapling rumah. Kecenderungan penempatan ruang terbuka publik yang direncanakan oleh pengembang mengarah pada area kecil dan area sisa yang kurang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh penghuni. Ruang terbuka publik memiliki ukuran lebar relatif sempit antara 1-6 meter, berada di ujung perumahan dan tanpa menyediakan fasilitas penunjang. Berdasarkan latar belakang permasalahan tersebut dilakukan penelitian mengenai bentuk dan pola ruang terbuka publik pada perumahan mini real estate yang dapat dimanfaatkan penghuninya dengan merumuskan permasalahan terhadap: 1. Apakah ruang terbuka publik di mini real estate merupakan ruang sisa?, 2. Apakah ruang terbuka tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan?, 3. Bagaimana bentuk dan pola ruang terbuka publik yang dapat bermanfaat, terpenuhi baik secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif?. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pola ruang terbuka publik yang diperlukan pada perumahan terencana dengan luas terbatas (mini real estate) Materi penelitian dilakukan pengamatan lapangan terhadap elemenelemen fisik ruang terbuka publik dan aktivitas, perilaku pemanfaatan ruang dan persepsi penghuni. Komponen penelitian adalah aktifitas pada ruang terbuka publik berdasarkan morfologi, fungsi dan ekologi ruang. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode rasionalistik-deduktif dengan berdasarkan analisa kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisa dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil yang diperoleh dari komparasi elemen-elemen fisik ruang terbuka publik dan pola aktivitas yang terjadi serta persepsi penghuni terhadap keberadaan ruang tersebut. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan untuk pembangunan mini real estate kelompok menengah ke bawah diperlukan ruang terbuka publik yang dapat dimanfaatkan penghuni dengan memperhatikan faktor- faktor: ukuran luas dengan lebar ruang > 6 meter, letak ruang terhadap hunian dengan jarak 5-6 hunian atau kurang dari 100m, elemen pelingkup ruang dengan ketertutupan sedang dan lemah, orientasi ruang > 1 arah serta memiliki fasilitas penunjang seperti peneduh, tempat duduk dan darana bermain. Dari hasil penelitian faktor yang memp engaruhi bentuk ruang terbuka tersebut digunakan sebagai arahan desain arahan desain terhadap penataan ruang terbuka publik pada perumahan mini real estate

The development of mini real estate, especially in Bantul District, the existence of an open public space is still within the rules and regulations of the local government authorization. In the following of the regulations, the open public space within the area of the housing complex becomes relatively limited. Recall that the calculation of the area of the open space is based on the number of occupants/lots of houses. The preference of the placing of the open public space that is planned by the developers tends to be in small areas and areas that not able to be fully utilized by the occupants. Open public space has a relatively small width measurement, between 1-6 meters, and is located in a corner of a housing complex and without the provision of supporting facilities. Based on the background of the above mentioned issue, research was undertaken on the shape and model of open public spaces in mini real estate that were used by their occupants with the formulation of the set of problems concerning: 1. Is the open public space in the mini real estate in the form of leftover space?, 2. Is the open public space in the mini real estate could be used?, 3. What is the shape and pattern of the open space that is used, compiled with both qualitative and quantitative measures? The aim of the research is to discover a model of open space that is needed for housing complexes that are being planning with a limited amount of land (mini real estate). The research was implemented with field monitoring of the physical elements of the open public space and activities, user benefits of the space and occupant perceptions. Research components include the activities of the open public space based on morphology, function and ecology of the space. This research uses a rational-deductive method based on an analysis of qualitative and quantitative information obtained. The analysis is undertaken by comparing results that are obtained from a comparison of the physical elements of open public space and the model of activities that occur and perception of the occupants towards the open space. The summary of the research shows that to develop mini real estate for the groups of middle to lower class, an open public space is needed that can be used by occupants. Special attention should be paid to certain factors including: the measurement of the area that is based on the total number of occupants with a width of > 6 meter, the positioning of the space should be within 5-6 houses or less than 100m, the elements of enclosure the space should not be too closed off, orientation of the space should have > 1 entrance and has facilities for visitors such as trees and plants, benches and a play area. The results of this research shows that factors that influence the shape and model of open space as mentioned can be used as a directive for design of open public space for mini real estate.

Kata Kunci : Ruang Terbuka Publik,Mini Real Estate, Open public space, shape and model, benefits