Pengalaman Perawat Desa Dalam Memberikan Pelayanan Kesehatan Di Desa

MUHAMMAD IKHSANUDDIN ALAMIN, Uki Noviana S.Kep., Ns., MN.Sc., Ph.D.; Dr. Sri Mulyani S.Kep., Ns., MNg.; Dr. Heru Subekti S.Kep., Ns., MPH.

2024 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Perawat sebagai tenaga kesehatan dengan jumlah besar berperan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. PPNI mengusulkan program satu desa satu perawat. Saat ini, juknis program perawat desa di Indonesia secara nasional belum tersedia dan penelitian terkait program perawat desa di Indonesia juga terbatas.

Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui pengalaman perawat desa dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan di desa.

Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi kualitatif jenis deskriptif eksploratif menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Partisipan penelitian adalah 10 perawat

desa menggunakan teknik snowball sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara mendalam semi terstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik content analysis.

Hasil : Penelitian ini memperoleh empat tema, sebagai berikut. 1) Pelaksanaan program perawat desa meliputi tujuan, kesejahteraan, kepuasan, kendala, tantangan, faktor pendukung, dan harapan; 2) Pelayanan perawat desa meliputi lingkup pelayanan (pelayanan ke semua usia, pelayanan gizi, kesehatan jiwa, penyakit menular, dan penyakit tidak menular), bentuk pelayanan, serta kompetensi yang harus dimiliki perawat desa; 3) Pengalaman pemberian asuhan keperawatan meliputi lingkup asuhan keperawatan, prosedur pemberian asuhan keperawatan, kolaborasi, dan kegiatan rujukan (mengikuti alur rujukan terpadu, merujuk kasus gawat darurat, koordinasi dengan fasyankes rujukan, serta menghormati hak pasien dan keluarga); dan 4) Pengalaman dalam koordinasi dan pelaporan meliputi koordinasi tingkat desa, puskesmas, serta dinas kesehatan.

Kesimpulan : Perawat desa memiliki berbagai pengalaman dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan di desa. Pengalaman yang dimiliki oleh perawat desa dapat

dijadikan dasar untuk pengembangan model program perawat desa serta mengoptimalkan peran dan kualitas perawat desa dalam memberikan pelayanan

kesehatan di desa.

Kata kunci : Desa, keperawatan komunitas, pengalaman, pelayanan kesehatan, perawat desa

Background: Nurses as a large number of health workers play a role in improving public health status. PPNI proposed a one village one nurse program. Currently, national guidelines for village nurse programs in Indonesia are not available and research related to village nurse programs in Indonesia is also limited.

Objective: Knowing the experience of village nurses in providing health services in the village.

Method: This research is an exploratory descriptive qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. The research participants were 10 village nurses using snowball sampling technique. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interview techniques and analyzed using content analysis techniques. 

Result: This research derived four themes, as follows. 1) The implementation of the village nurse program includes objectives, welfare, satisfaction, constraints, challenges, supporting factors, and expectations; 2) Village nurse services include the scope of services (services to all ages, nutrition services, mental health, communicable diseases, and non-communicable diseases), forms of services, and competencies that village nurses must have; 3) Experience in providing nursing care, including the scope of nursing care, procedures for providing nursing care, collaboration, and referral activities (following the integrated referral pathway, referring emergency cases, coordinating with referral health facilities, and respecting the rights of patients and families); and 4) Experience in coordination and reporting, including coordination at the village, primary health care, and health office levels.

Conclusion: Village nurses have various experiences in providing health services in the village. The experience of village nurses can be used as a basis for developing a model of the village nurse program and optimizing the role and quality of village nurses in providing health services in the village.

Keywords: Village, community nursing, experience, health care, village nurse 

Kata Kunci : Desa, keperawatan komunitas, pengalaman, pelayanan kesehatan, perawat desa