Persepsi Pemangku Kepentingan di Tingkat Puskesmas terhadap Program Perawat Desa

Nizar Rifqianto, Uki Noviana, S.Kep., Ns., MNSc., Ph.D.; Dwi Harjanto, S.Kp., M.Sc.

2023 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Sebagian besar masyarakat desa berpendapat bahwa akses terhadap fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan tingkat pertama sangat sulit. Selain itu, beberapa prevalensi penyakit di desa lebih tinggi dibandingkan perkotaan sehingga perlu adanya tenaga kesehatan yang dapat menjangkau masyarakat desa salah satunya melalui program perawat desa. Peran puskesmas sangat besar dalam program perawat desa tetapi masih terdapat beberapa kendala yang dialami puskesmas dalam implementasi program perawat desa. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan eksplorasi pemangku kepentingan puskesmas terhadap program perawat desa tentang peran perawat desa, peran puskesmas, serta alur koordinasi program. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengeksplorasi persepsi pemangku kepentingan di tingkat puskesmas terhadap program perawat desa. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kualitatif jenis deskriptif eksploratif menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 10 pemangku kepentingan puskesmas terhadap program perawat desa menggunakan teknik snowball sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik content analysis. Hasil: Diperoleh 34 koding dan 13 kategori dalam tiga tema yaitu kontribusi perawat desa terhadap peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat, peran puskesmas dalam memfasilitasi program perawat desa, dan alur koordinasi program perawat desa terhadap puskesmas. Kesimpulan: Pemangku kepentingan puskesmas memiliki beberapa persepsi tentang program perawat desa yang terdiri dari peran perawat desa berupa pelayanan kesehatan, pengkajian kesehatan masyarakat, kolaborasi, pelaporan, dan pemenuhan capaian puskesmas. Peran puskesmas dalam memfasilitasi program perawat desa berupa monitoring dan evaluasi program, pemenuhan sarana prasarana, koordinasi lintas sektor, penganggaran dana, penerimaan rujukan, pembinaan dan pelatihan program, serta hambatan puskesmas dalam implementasi program. Alur koordinasi mengenai koordinasi internal dan eksternal.

Background: Most people in rural areas reported that access to first-level health care facilities is very difficult. The prevalence of some diseases in villages is higher than urban areas, so there is need for health workers who can reach rural areas, one of which is through the village nurse program. The role of public health centers (PHCs) is very significant in the village nurse program, but there are several barriers that PHCs implementation of the village nurse program. This study describes PHCs stakeholders' exploration of village nurse program on the role of village nurses, the role of PHC, and the flow of program coordination. Objective: To explore perceptions of the village nurse program stakeholders at the PHC level towards village nurse program. Methods: This is an exploratory descriptive qualitative study using phenomenological approach. The research participants were 10 PHC stakeholders of the village nurse program using snowball sampling. Data collection using in-depth interview and using content analysis. Results: There were 34 codes and 13 categories in three themes, the contribution of village nurses to improving public health, the role of PHC in facilitating the village nurse program, and the coordination flow of the village nurse program towards PHC. Conclusion: PHCs stakeholders' have several perceptions about the village nurse program consisting of the role of village nurses in health services, public health assessment, collaboration, reporting, and fulfillment of PHC achievements. The role of PHC in facilitating the village nurse program is monitoring and evaluation, fulfillment of infrastructure, cross-sector coordination, budgeting, receiving referrals, training and coaching program, and PHCs barriers in program implementation. The coordination flow regarding internal and external coordination.

Kata Kunci : pemangku kepentingan puskesmas, persepsi, program perawat desa