EVALUASI IRIGASI RAWA PASANG SURUT DENGAN TANAH SULFAT MASAM DAN AIR PAYAU TERHADAP PROSES LEACHING (Studi Kasus: Daerah Irigasi Rawa Katingan I, Kalimantan Tengah)
Siswoyo Hadi, Endita Prima Ari Pratiwi ; Budi Santoso Wignyosukarto
2024 | Tesis | S2 TEKNIK PENGELOLAAN BENCANA ALAM
This research emphasizes the potential for developing the Katingan I Swamp Irrigation Area (DIR) as a sustainable food barn, considering its area size and potential for high yields. The characteristic of DIR Katingan I is tidal swamp irrigation in an acid sulphate soil environment, which is located in a coastal area with interactions between peat water, fresh water and brackish water. The representation of reclamation products is water quality, involving the mixing process of acidity and salinity during high and low tides, which can be simulated with mathematical models as conservative substances. This research aims to evaluate the leaching process on water quality mixing mechanisms, especially in the relationship between peat water, fresh water and brackish water, which is influenced by tidal energy in the context of an acid sulphate soil environment, and then carry out mitigation.
Field measurements were conducted to collect data on water level, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) in channels and fields. The interaction of mixing peat water, freshwater, and brackish water with an acid sulphate soil environment in the irrigation network was evaluated using HEC-RAS simulations. The simulation carried out included water level, pH, and EC recorded in the Katingan River for 236 hours from 22 December 2022 to 1 January 2023. The simulation results were calibrated with observation data in the primary channel. Next, a comparison was made between the simulation results of the two-way flow system as the original condition and the one-way flow system as a mitigation condition.
Based on direct observations and computational simulations, it shows that tidal energy has an important influence on the interactions between peat water, fresh water and brackish water in acid sulphate soil environments, which has a significant impact on water quality. An increase in pH was seen in Type A hydrotopography, followed by an increase in EC, the initial pH of 3.5 increased to 5.88 ~ 6.84, while the EC value ranged from 0 ~ 5.87 dS/m. In Type B hydrotopography, the influence of brackish water is reduced, showing an increase in pH values from 3.5 to around 3.75 ~ 5.78 and EC around 0 ~ 0.16 dS/m. Meanwhile, in Type C hydrotopography, the increase in pH is relatively small (pH = 3.54 ~ 4.83), and the EC is low (0 ~ 0.12 dS/m). The mapping of rice yields shows that locations that are often flooded with brackish water achieve better harvest results, indicating that the process of leaching acidity by brackish water can raise the pH, thereby providing good conditions for rice crops. Implementing a one-way flow system simulation with a flap gate building increased more even water circulation, positively impacting water supply and quality compared to a two-way flow system. This research confirms the importance of water flow management in tidal swamp areas, creating a solid foundation for more effective and sustainable water management policies in the future.
Kata Kunci : Pertanian berkelanjutan, Kualitas air, Mitigasi dan perbaikan, Sistem aliran air, Proses leaching