Pengaruh Mikoriza terhadap Layu Fusarium Pada Tanaman Pisang Mas (Musa acuminata L. ‘Lady Finger’)

Anthony Jovian Saputra, Rina Sri Kasiamdari, S.Si., PhD.

2024 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Tanaman pisang berperan penting bagi pertanian di Indonesia. Delapan puluh tujuh persen tanaman pisang diproduksi untuk dikonsumsi. Penyakit layu Fusarium menjadi penyakit utama dalam Tanaman Pisang, termasuk pisang Mas (Musa acuminata L. Lady Finger). Layu Fusarium pada pisang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). Patogen ini menyerang tanaman secara perlahan berupa layu kuning hingga berakibat kematian. Layu Fusarium termasuk patogen tular tanah yang dapat diatasi dengan Mikoriza. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) sangat efektif dalam menangkal infeksi yang ditimbulkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum. AMF yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini Rhizophagus aggregatus yang diperbanyak dari inang Sorghum bicolor. Inokulum Foc dibiakkan dalam media PDA kemudian diberikan kepada tanaman pisang Mas. Gejala infeksi Foc dinilai dengan skoring DSI 0-4. Tanaman pisang mas diamati selama 57 HSI dengan perlakuan kontrol(K), mikoriza(M), mikoriza + Fusarium(MF), dan Fusarium(F). Parameter yang diamati yaitu DSI (0 – 4), tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan diameter tanaman. Data kemudian diolah menggunakan analisis ANOVA, DMRT, dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Fusarium menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman pisang Mas. AMF R. aggregatus efektif menekan penyakit layu Fusarium (DSI 0) pada perlakuan MF tanaman pisang Mas, dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman pada perlakuan M dengan perubahan tinggi tanaman dari 29,68 ± 3,53 cm menjadi 34,18 ±1,43 cm pada 57 HSI, perubahan diameter tanaman dari 1,48 ± 0,10 cm menjadi 2,03 ± 0,13 cm pada 57 HSI, dan perubahan jumlah daun dari 3,75 ± 1,50 cm menjadi 5,50 ± 1.00 pada 57 HSI. Infeksi R. aggregatus juga ditemukan pada perlakuan M dan MF dengan peresentasi kolonisasi 76,95 ± 6,58?n 73,09 ± 1,83%.

Banana plants hold a crucial role in Indonesian agriculture, with eighty-seven percent of their production dedicated to consumption. The predominant affliction among banana plants is Fusarium wilt disease, affecting varieties such as Lady Finger banana (Musa acuminata L. Lady Finger). Fusarium wilt in bananas is attributed to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc), a soil-borne pathogen that gradually induces yellow wilt, ultimately leading to plant demise. Fortunately, this ailment can be addressed through Mycorrhiza treatment. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), particularly Rhizophagus aggregatus was propagated from the host Sorghum bicolor, exhibits high efficacy in thwarting Fusarium oxysporum infections. The Foc inoculum was cultured in PDA medium and then applied to Musa acuminata plants. To evaluate Foc infection, a Disease Severity Index (DSI) scoring system ranging from 0 to 4 is employed. In a 57-day observation period post-application (DAP) on M. acuminata plants, various treatments were administered, including control (K), mycorrhiza (M), mycorrhiza + Fusarium (MF), and Fusarium (F). Parameters such as DSI (0 – 4), plant height, number of leaves, and plant diameter were meticulously recorded. The data were then processed using ANOVA, DMRT analysis, and Pearson correlation. The findings revealed Fusarium's inhibitory impact on the growth of M. acuminata plants. However, in the MF treatment, the introduction of AMF R. aggregatus effectively suppressed Fusarium wilt disease (DSI 0), while the M treatment exhibited enhanced plant growth. Notable changes at 57 DAP included an increase in plant height from 29.68 ± 3.53 cm to 34.18 ± 1.43 cm, plant diameter from 1.48 ± 0.10 cm to 2.03 ± 0.13 cm, and the number of leaves from 3.75 ± 1.50 to 5.50 ± 1.00. R. aggregatus infection was also identified in the M and MF treatments, with colonization percentages of 76.95 ± 6.58% and 73.09 ± 1.83%, respectively.

Kata Kunci : fusarium, infeksi, mikoriza, pisang, tanaman