Daya Hambat Ekstrak Gama Melon Parfum (Cucumis melo L. cv. ‘GMP’) terhadap Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis (Kajian in vitro)

VERENA FLORETINE WIDYA PUTRI, Dr. drg. Ahmad Syaify, Sp.Perio(K) ; Dr. drg. Dahlia Herawati, S.U., Sp.Perio(K)

2023 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Periodontitis adalah penyakit inflamatori destruktif kronis akibat penumpukan plak pada jaringan pendukung gigi yang dapat menyebabkan rusaknya tulang alveolar hingga avulsi gigi. Porphyromonas gingivalis merupakan bakteri paling dominan pada kasus periodontitis kronis. Faktor virulensi bakteri ini mampu menderegulasi respon imun bawaan dan menyerang jaringan periodontal secara lokal. Gama Melon Parfum (Cucumis melo L. cv. ‘GMP’) merupakan kultivar unggul yang mengandung senyawa fitokimia tinggi berupa fenol, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, dan kukurbitasin B yang diketahui memiliki potensi antibakteri, namun belum ada penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap bakteri periodontopatogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak melon GMP terhadap bakteri P. gingivalis.

Melon GMP diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi. Pengujian potensi antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometri dengan membandingkan turbiditas pertumbuhan bakteri. Sebanyak 5 ml suspensi bakteri dengan kekeruhan McFarland 0,5 (1,5×108) dimasukkan ke tabung reaksi yang berisi 5 ml ekstrak melon GMP konsentrasi 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, larutan klorheksidin glukonat 0,2% (kontrol positif), serta akuades steril (kontrol negatif). Pengukuran turbiditas dilakukan setelah tabung uji diinkubasi pada anaerobic jar dengan suhu 37oC selama 1x24 jam. Pengujian dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji one-way ANOVA dan Post-Hoc LSD.

Rata-rata turbiditas dari terkecil hingga terbesar berturut-turut adalah klorheksidin, ekstrak melon GMP konsentrasi 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, dan akuades. Analisis hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan uji berpengaruh terhadap turbiditas dengan perbedaan signifikan (p<0>dose-dependent. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah larutan ekstrak melon GMP memiliki daya hambat terhadap bakteri P. gingivalis dan daya hambat paling besar terdapat pada konsentrasi 50%.

Periodontitis is a plaque-induced chronic destructive inflammatory disease in the teeth supporting tissues which can cause damage to alveolar bone and tooth avulsion. Porphyromonas gingivalis is the most dominant bacterium in chronic periodontitis cases. The virulence factors of this bacteria are able to deregulate the innate immune response and destroy periodontal tissue locally. Gama Melon Perfume (Cucumis melo L. cv. 'GMP') is a superior cultivar containing high phytochemical compounds in the form of phenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and cucurbitacin B that are known to have antibacterial potential, but no studies have been conducted on periodontopatogenic bacteria. This study aims to determine the inhibitory effect of GMP melon extract against P. gingivalis.

GMP melons are extracted by maceration method. Antibacterial potential testing was performed using spectrophotometry and comparing the turbidity of bacterial growth. A total of 5 ml of bacterial suspension with McFarland turbidity 0,5 (1,5×108) was inserted into test tubes containing 5 ml of GMP melon extract concentrations of 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% solution (positive control), and sterile aquadest (negative control). The turbidity was measured after the test tube had been incubated in an anaerobic jar with 37oC temperature for 1x24 hours. The test was carried out 4 times. The results of the study were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc LSD tests.

The average turbidity from smallest to largest respectively was chlorhexidine, GMP melon extract concentrations of 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, and aquadest. The results analysis showed that the tested material had an effect on turbidity with a significant statistically difference (p<0>P. gingivalis and the greatest inhibitory effect is found at the 50% concentration.

Kata Kunci : Gama Melon Parfum, antibakteri, Porphyromonas gingivalis, spektrofotometri, turbiditas