Mapping and Measuring Key Project Manager Competencies for Project Success in Construction Industry
Rofik Nurhidayat, Rocky Adiguna, SE., M.Sc., Ph.D.
2023 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN (MM) JAKARTA
Proyek konstruksi merupakan suatu
hal yang kompleks, berisiko tinggi dan penuh tantangan. Buruknya kinerja proyek
konstruksi merupakan masalah global. Keberhasilan proyek adalah ketika proyek
selesai tepat waktu, sesuai anggaran, dan mencapai sasaran kinerja. Salah satu
variabel yang dapat memprediksi dan meningkatkan kemungkinan keberhasilan suatu
proyek adalah kompetensi manajer proyek.
Kompetensi manajer proyek merupakan
variabel yang dapat dipersiapkan organisasi untuk meningkatkan tingkat
keberhasilan proyek. Kinerja proyek yang buruk dapat disebabkan oleh manajer
proyek yang tidak kompeten dan rendahnya kualitas manajer proyek merupakan
faktor manusia yang dapat menyebabkan kegagalan proyek. Berdasarkan hal
tersebut di atas peneliti memutuskan untuk memetakan dan mengukur faktor
keberhasilan kompetensi manajer proyek di industri konstruksi dengan tinjauan
literatur sistematis dan dilanjutkan dengan metode survei konsensus Delphi.
Dari peserta wawancara Delphi,
hasil konsensus faktor keberhasilan kompetensi manajer proyek di industri
konstruksi adalah: 1) kepemimpinan, 2) keterampilan teknis, 3) perencanaan, 4)
pemantauan dan pengendalian, 5) orientasi hasil, 6) keuangan dan komersial, 7)
komunikasi. Berdasarkan penelitian melalui tinjauan literatur sistematis dan
kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pendekatan survei konsensus Delphi, ketujuh
kompetensi manajer proyek merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan
proyek konstruksi. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan tinjauan
literatur dan pendekatan wawancara ahli sepakat bahwa kompetensi manajer proyek
berkaitan erat dengan keberhasilan proyek dan sepakat bahwa terdapat faktor
keberhasilan kompetensi manajer proyek.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah
untuk mengidentifikasi faktor keberhasilan kompetensi manajer proyek pada
proyek konstruksi sehingga pada akhirnya meningkatkan kemungkinan tingkat
keberhasilan proyek dan pada akhirnya dapat memberikan kontribusi positif
terhadap keuntungan perusahaan dan keberlanjutan perusahaan.
The
construction industry plays a vital role in infrastructure development and
improves the socio-economic status with employment opportunities and
contribution to gross domestic progress (GDP) of countries. Construction
project is complex, high-risk and challenging. Poor performance of construction
projects is a global issue. Project success is when it is completed on time, on
budget, and achieves the performance goals. One of the variables that can
predict and increase the probability of successful project is the competencies
of project manager. The competencies of project manager are the variable that
can be prepared by the organization to increase the project success rate. Poor
project performance can be caused by incompetent project managers and low-quality
project managers are human factors that can lead to project failures. Based
on the aforementioned above researcher decided to map and measure the success
factor of project manager competencies in construction industry with systematic
literature review and continued with Delphi consensus survey method. Researcher
conducted systematic literature review started with selecting and screening the
related journals from reputable sources; From the results of systematic
literature review then process continued to two rounds Delphi
consensus approach.
There
were 3 additional success factors from the Delphi interview participants, i.e.,
spiritual intelligence, managing diversity and agility. The result of consensus
of the success factors of project manager competencies in construction industry
were: 1) leadership, 2) technical skill, 3) planning, 4) monitoring
and control, 5) result orientation, 6) financial and commercial, 7)
communication. Based on the research through systematic literature review and
then continued with Delphi consensus survey approach, the seven project manager
competencies were the factors that influence to enhance the construction
project success. The findings of this research reveal that both literature
review approach and experts interview approach agreed that project manager competencies
closely related with project success and agreed that there were success factors
of project managers competencies. The objective of this study is to identify
the success factor of project manager competencies in construction project then
eventually increasing the probability of project success rate and eventually
can contribute positively to the company profit and company sustainability.
Kata Kunci : construction project, project manager, competency, project success, success factor, mapping and measuring