FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF Diaphorina citri ON GRAFTED AND NO-GRAFTED CITRUS WITH MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND BIOCHEMICALS CITRUS LEAF ANALYSIS
Yuni Apriliana, Alan Soffan, SP., M.Sc., Ph.D; Prof. Dr. Ir. Siti Subandiyah, M.Agr.Sc.; Assoc. Prod. Yijing Cen
2023 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan
Teknik grafting bertujuan untuk menghasilkan performa agronomi tanaman yang unggul dan relatif tahan terhadap hama serta penyakit. Evaluasi dampak tanaman jeruk yang di-grafting terhadap Diaphorina citri belum banyak dilihat lebih detail dalam aspek perilaku makan. Pada penelitian ini, eksplorasi pengaruh tanaman jeruk yang di-grafting dan tanpa di-grafting terhadap perilaku makan D. citri, dilakukan dengan menggunakan Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG). Selain itu, parameter morfologi, anatomi, fisiologi, dan biokimia pada daun muda tanaman uji juga diamati. Perilaku makan D. citri dilihat pada empat tanaman yaitu Japanese citrus (JC)×siam, siam tanpa di-grafting, JC tanpa di-grafting, dan kemuning. Perekaman perilaku makan dilakukan selama 10 jam dan diulang sebanyak 20 kali dengan menggunakan tanaman dan serangga yang telah dipastikan bebas Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (Las). Total durasi D. citri dalam mengakses nutrisi di floem pada JC×siam adalah yang tertinggi, dan terendah terjadi pada siam tanpa di-grafting. Aktivitas salivasi di floem menunjukkan bahwa pada siam tanpa di-grafting, durasinya lebih lama dibandingkan JC×siam. Selain itu, total durasi non-probing tertinggi juga terjadi pada siam tanpa di-grafting. Durasi non-probing dan salivasi yang tinggi serta durasi mengakses nutrisi yang rendah di floem menunjukkan bahwa D. citri mengalami kesulitan untuk mendapatkan nutrisi pada siam tanpa di-grafting dibandingkan siam yang di-grafting dengan JC. Hasil pengamatan anatomi, morfologi, fisiologi, dan biokimia tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata antara JC×siam dan siam tanpa di-grafting. Namun, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara siam dan JC yang tanpa di-grafting. Hal tersebut tidak mempengaruhi perilaku makan D. citri secara langsung sehingga perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Menggunakan varietas jeruk lain yang banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia juga bisa digunakan untuk observasi perilaku makan D. citri lebih lanjut karena kombinasi varietas dapat berkontribusi terhadap perubahan tanaman yang digrafting
Grafting aim to produce superior agronomic performance, and plants which are expected relatively resistant to pests and disease. The impact evaluation of grafted citrus plants on
Diaphorina citri has yet to be looked at in more detail in feeding behavior. To explore the influence of grafted and no-grafted plants on the feeding behavior of D. citri, experiments were carried out using electrical penetration graphs (EPG). The morphological, anatomical, physiological, and biochemical aspects of immature citrus leaf were also observed. Behaviors were recorded on four plants: grafted JC (Japanese citrus)×tangerine, no-grafted tangerine, no-grafted JC, and orange jasmine. The EPG recording was performed for 10 hours and repeated 20 times using new plants and insects that had been confirmed Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (Las) free. The total duration of ingestion in the phloem on grafted JC×tangerine was the highest, and the lowest occurred in no-grafted tangerine. Salivation activity in the phloem (E1) showed that in no-grafted tangerine, the total duration was longer than in grafted JC×tangerine. In addition, the highest total duration of non-probing occurred in the no-grafted tangerine. The high non-probing and salivation activity and the low total duration of ingestion in the phloem indicate that D. citri has difficulty accessing nutrition in no-grafted tangerine than tangerine grafted with JC. The results of anatomical, morphological, physiological, and biochemical observations did not show significant differences between grafted JC×tangerine and no-grafted tangerine. However, they were significantly different between no-grafted tangerine and no-grafted JC. This did not influence the feeding behavior of D. citri, so it needs to be observed in more depth. Using several combinations of scions and rootstocks widely developed in Indonesia is recommended for further research because varieties may significantly contribute to changes in grafted plants.
Kata Kunci : Citrus, Diaphorina citri, electrical penetration graph, feeding behavior, grafted