Pemanfaatan Bacillus spp. untuk Pengendalian Meloidogyne incognita pada Tanaman Tomat
Tyas Puspita Oktaviani, Prof. Dr. Ir. Siwi Indarti, M.P. ; Tri Joko, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D.
2023 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan
Meloidogyne
incognita merupakan
nematoda penyebab puru pada akar dengan kisaran inang luas dan menyebabkan
kehilangan hasil 28-100%, terutama pada famili Solanaceae. Salah satu
alternatif pengendalian untuk mengurangi dampak negatif pengendalian dengan
bahan kimia adalah menggunakan Bacillus spp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui
kemampuan 18 isolat Bacillus spp. dalam mengendalikan M. incognita. Hasil in vitro menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua isolat Bacillus
spp. mampu menghambat penetasan telur M. incognita. Lima isolat Bacillus
spp. terpilih
untuk uji in vivo yaitu EP3, KPA003, B27, A10, dan DM2
mampu menghambat penetasan telur sebesar 95.75, 80.39, 77.14, 63.40, dan
58.10%. Telur yang diberi perlakuan Bacillus spp. abnormal dan tidak
menetas
menjadi larva 2 (L2). Perlakuan
secara in vivo di greenhouse menunjukkan bahwa lima isolat
tersebut mampu meningkatkan tinggi dan panjang akar serta menekan persentase
tingkat kerusakan akar sebesar 80.65, 58.06, 56.45, 45.16, 62.90%, persentase
jumlah puru/0,1 g sebesar 75.00, 56.82, 53.18, 39.09, 56.36%, serta persentase
populasi L2 sebesar 63.98, 44.45, 41.98, 39.05,
52.52%.
Isolat Bacillus spp.
yang digunakan pada pengujian memiliki potensi sebagai agens hayati pengendali M.
incognita. Perlakuan Bacillus spp. mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan
tanaman tomat dan menekan perkembangan M. incognita.
Meloidogyne
incognita is a nematode that causes root knots with a broad host range, as well as
yield losses of 28-100%, particularly in the Solanaceae family. One of the
alternatives for nematode control that reduces the negative effects of chemical
control is the use of Bacillus spp. This study aims to determine the
ability of 18 isolates of Bacillus spp. to control M. incognita.
The in vitro treatment showed that almost all Bacillus spp. isolates
could inhibit M. incognita egg hatching. Five isolates of Bacillus
spp. that were selected and tested in vivo, namely EP3, KPA003, B27, A10, and
DM2, were able to inhibit egg hatching by 95.75, 80.39, 77.14, 63.40, and
58.10%, respectively. Eggs that were treated with Bacillus spp. became
abnormal and did not hatch into second-stage juveniles (J2). The in vivo
treatment in a greenhouse setting showed that the five isolates of Bacillus
spp. could increase root height and length as well as reduce the percentage of
root damage by 80.65, 58.06, 56.45, 45.16, and 62.90%, respectively; the number
of root galls/0.1 g by 75.00, 56.82, 53.18, 39.09, and 56.36%, respectively;
and the number of J2 populations/0.5 g by 63.98, 44.45, 41.98, 39.05, and
52.52, respectively. Isolates of Bacillus
spp. have the potential as biocontrol agents of M. incognita by
inhibiting egg hatching, suppressing the development of M. incognita,
and increasing the growth of tomato plants.
Kata Kunci : Bacillus spp., Meloidogyne incognita, Penghambatan penetasa telur, tomat
