Pengaruh Kombinasi Perlakuan Solarisasi Tanah Dan Pupuk Kandang Terhadap Keragaman Dan Kelimpahan Nematoda Tanah Pada Pertanaman Bawang Merah
Diaz Mutiara Shaffila, Prof. Dr. Ir. Siwi Indarti, M.P. ; Dr. Ir. Witjaksono, M.Sc.
2023 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan
Solarisasi tanah dan pemberian pupuk kandang sapi merupakan teknik yang
dapat diterapkan untuk menekan patogen tular tanah dan meningkatkan kesuburan
tanah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh solarisasi
tanah dan pemberian pupuk kandang terhadap suhu tanah, keragaman dan
kelimpahan jenis nematoda, serta produksi bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan
di Desa Gotakan, Kecamatan Panjatan, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, dan Daerah
Istimewa Yogyakarta, dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap
(RAKL) faktor tunggal, terdiri dari tiga perlakuan dan lima ulangan sebagai berikut:
(1) solarisasi + pupuk kandang, (2) pupuk kandang, dan (3) kontrol. Pengamatan
dilakukan dalam tiga tahap yaitu sebelum aplikasi, setelah aplikasi, dan panen. Data
dianalisis menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dengan perangkat
lunak minitab, uji ANOVA pada taraf 5% menggunakan program SPSS, indeks
Shannon-wiener dan indeks Simpson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
kombinasi perlakuan solarisasi tanah dan pupuk kandang berpengaruh terhadap
suhu tanah dimana suhu tanah tertinggi sebesar 42,04oC. Kombinasi perlakuan
solarisasi tanah dan pupuk kandang mampu menurunkan populasi semua jenis
nematoda. Pada perlakuan pupuk kandang mampu meningkatkan jumlah populasi
bacterial feeders dan fungal feeders. Perlakuan kombinasi perlakuan solarisasi tanah
dan pupuk kandang dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman sebesar 8%, berat
berangkasan sebesar 32%, berat umbi basah sebesar 28%, dan berat kering umbi
sebesar 39%
Soil solarization and cow manure application are techniques that can be applied
to suppress soil-borne pathogens and enhance soil fertility. Therefore, this study
aimed to determine the effect of soil solarization and cow manure application on soil
temperature, abundance and diversity of nematodes, and shallots production. The
research was carried out in Gotakan Village, Panjatan District, Kulon Progo Regency,
and Yogyakarta Special Region, using a single-factor Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD), consisting of three treatments and five replications as follows: (1)
solarization + cow manure, (2) cow manure, and (3) control. Observations were made
in three stages: before application, after application, and harvest. The data were
analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with minitab software, ANOVA
test at 5% level using SPSS program, Shannon-wiener index and Simspon index. The
results showed that the combination of soil solarization treatment and manure had an
effect on soil temperature where the highest soil temperature was 42,04oC. The
combination of soil solarization and manure treatment was able to reduce the
population of all types of nematodes. The manure treatment was able to increase the
population of bacterial feeders and fungal feeders. The combined treatment of soil
solarization and manure treatment can increase plant height by 8%, stover weight by
32%, wet tuber weight by 28%, and tuber weight by 39%.
Kata Kunci : Kelimpahan nematoda, perilaku makan, pupuk kandang, solarisasi tanah