POLITIK RUANG DI KOTA JAYAPURA ANALISIS KRITIS PROGRAM KOTA TANPA KUMUH (KOTAKU)

GREIN GEORGE THEODORON WUTOY, Arie Ruhyanto, S.I.P., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2023 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Politik

Tesis ini membahas tentang Program Kota Tanpa Kumuh (Kotaku), di Kota Jayapura dalam pandangan politik ruang yaitu triad of space (perceived space, conceived space dan lived space). Topik tersebut menjadi penting karena perkembangan pertumbuhan pendudukan di Indonesia yang tinggi sehingga jumlah kawasan permukiman kumuh di Indonesia mencapai 38.431 Ha dengan jumlah kawasan kumuh mencapai 3.193 kawasan. Luas kawasan kumuh Kota Jayapura yaitu 100,1 Ha, sejak Program Kotaku di diimplementasikan tahun 2015-2019 luasan kumuh di Kota Jayapura tersisa 7,73 Ha.

Lokasi penelitian terdapat di 2 distrik yaitu distrik Jayapura Utara dengan lokasi yang terletak di kelurahan Bhayangkara dan kelurahan Tanjung Ria dan distrik Jayapura Selatan, kelurahan Numbay, alasan ketiga lokasi tersebut dipilih karena ketiga lokasi tersebut adalah penerima Bantuan dana Investasi (BDI) pada tahun 2020-2021. Metode penelitian dalam tesis ini adalah case study dan pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Tesis ini menganalisis pergeseran pandangan masyarakat terhadap Program Kotaku.

Pembahasan ketiga dimensi tersebut dilakukan dengan alur sebagai berikut: bagian pertama mengemukakan persepsi pemerintah dan masyarakat tentang Program Kotaku dikaitkan dengan konsep perceived space. Bagian kedua membahas tentang nilai dan visi yang tertanam dalam Program Kotaku yang didasarkan secara konseptual pada triad of space kedua yaitu conceived space. Bagian ketiga mendiskusikan dampak yang dihasilkan oleh Program Kotaku berdasarkan pandangan masyarakat dan pemerintah dikaitkan dengan konsep lived space.

Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Program Kotaku mampu menggeser pandangan masyarakat melalui perubahan lingkungan yang terlihat, tetapi Permasalahan sanitasi belum teratasi oleh Program Kotaku, selain itu 7+1 indikator kumuh yang dibangun di lokasi permukiman kumuh belum sepenuhnya tepat sasaran.

This article delves into the City Without Slums (Kotaku) Program in Jayapura City, examining its impact through the lens of spatial politics, specifically the triad of space—perceived space, conceived space, and lived space. With Indonesia experiencing rapid population growth, leading to an alarming 38,431 hectares of slum areas across 3,193 locations, the significance of evaluating the Kotaku Program's efficacy becomes evident. Despite its implementation from 2015 to 2019, the slum area in Jayapura City has only marginally decreased from 100.1 to 7.73 hectares. This study focuses on two districts, North Jayapura and South Jayapura, particularly in Bhayangkara, Tanjung Ria, and Numbay sub-districts, recipients of Investment Fund Assistance (BDI) in 2020-2021.

This thesis employs a case study approach, utilizing observation, interviews, and documentation as primary data collection methods. The research centers on analyzing the evolving perceptions of society towards the Kotaku Program, structured around the three dimensions of perceived space, conceived space, and lived space. The first dimension is intricately linked to the concept of perceived space, examining how the program is perceived in the public eye and by authorities. The second dimension is related with the values and vision inherent in the Kotaku Program, conceptualized through the conceived space. The third dimension is the tangible impact of the Kotaku Program, assessing the community and government views in relation to the concept of lived space. This involves understanding the real-world changes experienced by individuals and communities residing in or around the targeted areas.

The study reveals that while the Kotaku Program has succeeded in shifting public perception through visible environmental changes, it falls short in resolving critical issues such as sanitation. Additionally, the 7+1 slum indicators integrated into settlement locations have not fully achieved their intended targets. This research sheds light on the complexities of urban development programs, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of the multi-dimensional aspects of spatial politics to create effective and sustainable solutions for slum eradication.

Kata Kunci : Program Kotaku, Politik Ruang, Kota Jayapura