REPRODUKSI GENERATIF DAN VIABILITAS BIJI CENDANA (Santalum album LINN.) PADA BEBERAPA LOKASI DI WANAGAMA I GUNUNGKIDUL

RIKO WAHYUDI , Dr. Sapto lndrioko, S.Hut., M.P. dan Yeni Widyana N.R., S.Hut.

2008 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Cendana merupakan jenis langka yang bemilai ekonomis tinggi dan sejak 1977 ditetapkan sebagai spesies "most threatened' (berisiko tinggi terhadap kepunahan) karena keberadaannya yang semakin menipis. Cendana diintroduksi ke Rutan Penelitian Wanagama I pada tahun 1968 dan saat ini telah melampaui proses naturalisasi, mampu melangsungkan reproduksi dan menjadi ras lahan. Selain permudaan alam cendana yang terbentuk dari ras lahan tersebut, telah dibangun pu1a uji provenan cendana di Wanagama I pada akhir tahun 1993. Tanaman cendana di Rutan Penelitian Wanagama I memiliki diameter dan dinamika perkembangan kondisi fisik tegakan yang berbeda-beda di setiap lokasinya. Perbedaan kondisi fisik tegakan ini dapat menyebabkan keberhasilan reproduksi generatif yang berbeda­beda pula. Oleh karena itu, penelitian tentang keberhasilan reproduksi generatif di masing­masing lokasi akibat dinamika kondisi fisik tegakan pada kisaran diameter induk tertentu perlu dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan di Rutan Penelitian Wanagama I, RPH Gading, BK.PH Playen, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Lokasi terbagi menjadi 5, yaitu (1) tegakan uji provenan cendana dan (2) tegakan bulk cendana di Petak 17, (3) induk di gedung serbaguna dan (4) induk di wisma cendana, serta (5) tegakan alam cendana di Petak 5. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling, yaitu pemilihan sampel yang didasarkan pada tujuan untuk memperoleh sampel dengan karakter tertentu sesuai tujuan secara non-random. Parameter yang diamati adalah (a) nilai Reproductive Success, dan (b) viabilitas biji. Nilai reproductive success di tegakan bulk, provenan, dan induk di gedung serbaguna memiliki hubungan yang linier dengan diameter ( dbh) induknya. Semakin besar diameter induk, semakin besar pu1a nilai reproductive success-nya. Nilai reproductive success di tegakan bulk dan provenan paling besar pada kisaran diameter 9,01-11,00 cm dan induk di gedung serbaguna pada diameter (dbh) 26,4 cm. Nilai reproductive success di tegakan alam sama pada kisaran diameter yang berbeda karena keanekaragaman genetik pollen yang kecil dari induk-induk yang berasal dari tempat asal yang sama. Sedangkan, nilai reproductive success pada induk di wisma cendana (0,07) dan induk di gedung serbaguna (0,08) sangat kecil, karena termasuk induk yang soliter. Viabilitas biji dari setiap lokasi induk cendana menunj ukkan nilai viabilitas biji paling baik di kelompok tegakan dengan jumlah induk yang besar, yaitu tegakan bulk, provenan, dan alam. Sedangkan viabilitas biji paling rendah terdapat di induk soliter, yaitu induk di gedung serbaguna dan di wisma cendana. Ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara viabilitas biji cendana di tegakan denganjumlah induk yang besar dengan induk soliter.

Sandalwood is an endangered species which has economically high value. It has been listed as the most threatened species because its existence gets diminishing since 1977. It was first introduced to W anagama I research forest in 1968 and has passed naturalization process. Eventually, it is able to conduct reproduction and become land race. Besides its nature regeneration which is producesed from its land race, there was also established its provenance test at Wanagama I in the end of 1993. Sandalwood in Wanagama I research forest have diameter and growth of different stand physical condition in each;every its location. The difference of this stand physical condition can also cause different efficacy of generative reproduction. Therefore, research concerning efficacy of generative reproduction in each every location which is caused by dynamics of stand physical condition at selected mains diameter gyration require to be conducted. This research was conducted in Wanagama I research forest, RPH Gading, BKPH Playen, Gunungkidul, Y ogyakarta. Research location were divided into five parts, they were (I) sandalwood provenance stand, and (2) sandalwood bulk stand, in compartment 7, (3) trees in multipurpose building, ( 4) trees in cendana guest house, and ( 5) nature stand in compartment 5. This research employed purposive sampling method which was its sample selection was done randomly according to the objective of gathering sample with certain characters. It observed two parameters: ( a) the value of reproductive success, (b)seed viability. Value of reproductive success in stand of bulk, provenance, and tree in multipurpose building have linear relation with diameter (dbh). Ad for mains diameter, ever greater also assess value of reproductive success. Value of reproductive success in bulk and provenan biggest at diameter gyration 9,01-11,00 cm, in multipurpose building at diameter ( dbh) 26,4 cm. Value of reproductive success in nature stand same at different diameter gyration because variety of small genetic pollen from trees which is coming from is same provenance. Otherwise, value of reproductive success at mains tree in cendana guest house ( 0,07) and mains tree in multipurpose building (0,08) very small, because including mains which is soliter. Seed Viability from each;every sandalwood mains location show value of viabilitas seed most either in stand group with big mainses amount, that is stand of bulk, provenan, and nature stand. Otherwise, lowest seed viability there are in mains of soliter, that is mains tree in multipurpose building and in cendana guest house. There is significant difference between sandalwood seed viability in stand with big mainses amount with mains of so liter.

Kata Kunci : Santalum album, kondisi fisik, Reproductive Success, viabilitas biji.