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Model Penguatan Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Desa di Kawasan Bahaya Tanah Longsor Kecamatan Munjungan Kabupaten Trenggalek

Chelvin Abisheka Ubaydillah, Dr. Ir. Tri Mulyani Sunarharum, S.T., IPU

2023 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & Daerah

Rentetan bencana tanah longsor di Kecamatan Munjungan, dari tahun – ketahun memiliki dampak kerugian yang masif. Dampak yang terjadi, menunjukkan kesiapsiagaan antar desa yang masih dipertanyakan serta didorong dengan kondisi fisik dan komponen kesiapsiagaan tiap wilayah yang beragam. Kesenjangan antara komponen kesiapsiagaan yang telah banyak digunakan dengan heterogenitas karakteristik wilayah, memperlukan keterbaruan cara atau metode dalam indentifikasinya, salah satunya dengan memodelkan kesiapsiagaan yang berbasis pada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan model penguatan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat desa yang berada dikawasan bahaya tanah longsor Kecamatan Munjungan.

Jenis metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deduktif mix-method. Lokasi penelitian berada di wilayah Kecamatan Munjungan dengan lingkup 11 desa yang masuk kedalam wilayah rawan bencana tanah longsor. Unit analisis pada penelitian ini yaitu masyarakat dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner, wawancara serta observasi lapangan. Teknik analisis menggunakan pendekatan Spatial analysis (GIS), analisis statistik multivariat meliputi Exploratory Factor Analysis dan Cluster Analysis (K-Means). Evaluasi model kesiapsiagaan masyarakat dilakukan dengan teknik Soft System Methodology untuk mengkonfirmasi model yang terbentuk dan menjadi dasar dalam perumusan model penguatan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat desa.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar masyarakat tingggal di kawasan bahaya tingkat tinggi tanah longsor, dengan kecenderung memiliki kesiapsiagaan rendah hingga sedang. Secara konstruk, terdapat empat faktor pembentuk kesiapsiagaan masyarakat meliputi kapasitas masyarakat, pengetahuan sarana evakuasi, pengalaman kedaruratan dan keterlibatan masyarakat. Beberapa rumusan model penguatan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat yang dapat dilaksanakan yaitu pengembangan sarana evakuasi, literasi kelompok umur dan optimalisasi fungsi komunitas lokal sebagai penggarak kesiapsiagaan masyarakat di Kecamatan Munjungan.

The series of landslide disasters in Munjungan District, from year to year has had a massive loss impact. The impact that has occurred shows that inter-village preparedness is still questionable and is driven by the varying physical conditions and preparedness components of each region. The gap between preparedness components that have been widely used and the heterogeneity of regional characteristics, requires an updated way or method of identification, one of which is by modeling community-based preparedness. This study aims to formulate a model for strengthening the preparedness of village communities in the landslide hazard area of Munjungan District.

The type of research method used is the deductive mix-method. The research location is in the Munjungan District area with the scope of 11 villages included in the landslide prone area. The unit of analysis in this study is the community represented by the sample of households, so that the data collection technique uses questionnaires, interviews and field observations. The analysis technique uses the Spatial Analysis (GIS), multivariate statistical analysis including Exploratory Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis (K-Means). Evaluation of the community preparedness model was carried out using the Soft System Methodology technique to confirm the model that was formed and became the basis for the formulation of a model for strengthening village community preparedness.

The results of the study show that most of the people are in areas with a high level of landslide hazard, which tend to have low to moderate preparedness. Constructively, there are four factors that form community preparedness including community capacity, knowledge of evacuation facilities, emergency experience and community involvement. Some formulations of models for strengthening community preparedness that can be implemented are the development of evacuation facilities, age group literacy and optimization of the function of local communities as cultivators of community preparedness in Munjungan District.

Kata Kunci : Model, Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat, Bahaya Tanah Longsor, Munjungan

  1. S2-2023-501881-abstract.pdf  
  2. S2-2023-501881-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S2-2023-501881-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S2-2023-501881-title.pdf