Identifikasi Peran dan Kebutuhan akan Psikolog Sekolah di Indonesia: Metode Delphi

ANISA YULIANDRI, Edilburga Wulan Saptandari, S.Psi., M.Psi., Ph.D., Psikolog

2023 | Tesis | S2 Magister Profesi Psikologi

Psikolog sekolah memiliki ilmu dan keterampilan untuk mendukung siswa mencapai kesuksesan dan kesejahteraan, sehingga profesi ini memiliki peran yang penting dalam sistem pendidikan. Meski begitu, profesi psikolog sekolah masih kurang dipahami dan jarang dikaji dalam penelitian di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui perspektif ahli yaitu praktisi (psikolog sekolah), akademisi (dosen Magister Psikologi Profesi Bidang Pendidikan), dan pengurus organisasi profesi (Asosiasi Psikologi Sekolah Indonesia dan Asosiasi Psikologi Pendidikan Indonesia) mengenai peran dan kebutuhan akan psikolog sekolah. Metode Delphi digunakan untuk mengarahkan diskusi kelompok ahli untuk pada konsensus. Studi literatur dan focus group discussion melibatkan guru, kepala sekolah, dan psikolog dilakukan untuk menyusun kuesioner penelitian. Sebanyak tiga kali putaran kuesioner pada panel ahli (N=34) menghasilkan 55 peran yang disepakati merupakan peran psikolog sekolah. Namun, masih ditemukan perbedaan pendapat pada beberapa peran. Para ahli memiliki kesepakatan dalam tingkat sedang berkaitan dengan peringkat kategori peran yang idealnya dan aktualnya dilakukan oleh psikolog sekolah berdasarkan waktu yang dihabiskan untuk melakukan peran tersebut. Analisis data kualitatif memunculkan gambaran mengenai tantangan psikolog sekolah dalam menjalankan perannya, kebutuhan dan kondisi layanan psikolog sekolah di Indonesia, serta model layanan psikolog sekolah yang cocok diterapkan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, tersedianya panduan yang jelas mengenai peran profesi psikolog sekolah diperkirakan akan sangat bermanfaat.

School psychologists have the knowledge and skills to support students to achieve success and well-being, thus playing a significant role within the education system. However, school psychologist is still not well-understood and rarely studied in Indonesia. This research was conducted to understand the perspectives of experts, namely practitioners (school psychologists), academics (lecturers in Master of Professional Psychology Program-Education major), and professional organization administrators (of the Indonesian School Psychology Association and the Indonesian Educational Psychology Association) regarding the role and the need for school psychologists. The Delphi method was used to guide the expert group discussions towards consensus. Literature studies and focus group discussions involving teachers, school principals, and psychologists were conducted to develop the research questionnaire. Three rounds of questionnaires were given to the expert panel (N=34), resulting in 55 agreed-upon roles for school psychologists. However, there were still differences of opinion on some roles. The expert panels reached a moderate level of agreement regarding the ranking of ideal and actual roles, based on time needed to perform a category of roles. Qualitative data analysis revealed the challenges school psychologists face in performing their roles, the needs and conditions of school psychological services in Indonesia, and the suitable model for school psychological services to be applied. Based on the findings, the availability of clear guidelines regarding the role of the school psychologist is expected to be very beneficial.School psychologists have the knowledge and skills to support students to achieve success and well-being, thus playing a significant role within the education system. However, school psychologist is still not well-understood and rarely studied in Indonesia. This research was conducted to understand the perspectives of experts, namely practitioners (school psychologists), academics (lecturers in Master of Professional Psychology Program-Education major), and professional organization administrators (of the Indonesian School Psychology Association and the Indonesian Educational Psychology Association) regarding the role and the need for school psychologists. The Delphi method was used to guide the expert group discussions towards consensus. Literature studies and focus group discussions involving teachers, school principals, and psychologists were conducted to develop the research questionnaire. Three rounds of questionnaires were given to the expert panel (N=34), resulting in 55 agreed-upon roles for school psychologists. However, there were still differences of opinion on some roles. The expert panels reached a moderate level of agreement regarding the ranking of ideal and actual roles, based on time needed to perform a category of roles. Qualitative data analysis revealed the challenges school psychologists face in performing their roles, the needs and conditions of school psychological services in Indonesia, and the suitable model for school psychological services to be applied. Based on the findings, the availability of clear guidelines regarding the role of the school psychologist is expected to be very beneficial.

Kata Kunci : peran psikolog sekolah, kebutuhan akan psikolog sekolah, metode Delphi, role of school psychologist, the need for school psychologist, Delphi Method