Analisis Spasial dan Profil Pelayanan Kefarmasian Apotek di Kabupaten Kebumen

Fitriani Rahayu, Prof. Dr. apt. Susi Ari Kristina, M.Kes., dr. Lutfan lazuardi, M.Kes., Ph.D.

2023 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Farmasi

Apotek sebagai fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan diharapkan tersedia merata, terjangkau dan bermutu. Data apotek yang ada saat ini di Kabupaten Kebumen belum tersedia dalam sebuah sistem informasi yang mudah dipahami  dan menggambarkan lokasi apotek secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi spasial, aksesibilitas masyarakat dan profil pelayanan kefarmasian apotek di Kabupaten Kebumen.

Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kualitataif dan kuantitatif. Dilaksanakan bulan Agustus-Oktober tahun 2023 terhadap semua apotek di Kabupaten Kebumen. Titik koordinat apotek, fasilitas kesehatan dan pasar diperoleh dari data google maps dan aplikasi GPS map camera. Data jumlah apoteker diperoleh dari Dinas Kesehatan Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana dan pengurus IAI PC Kebumen. Data peta administratif dan peta jalan raya diperoleh dari Badan Perencanaan dan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Daerah. Data jumlah penduduk diperoleh dari  data Badan Pusat Statistik. Data pelayanan kefarmasian  diperoleh dengan pengisian lembar checklist  penilaian pelayanan kefarmasian berdasarkan Permenkes  nomor 73 tahun 2016. Skor akhir <60>75% kategori Baik.Variabel independen selanjutnya dianalisis spasial menggunakan software ArcGIS 10.6. 

Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh gambaran sebaran apotek di Kabupaten Kebumen sebagian besar ada di wilayah perkotaan, berada di pinggir  jalan raya arteri, kolektor dan lokal dan cenderung berada di dekat fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dan juga pasar. Aksesibilitas pelayanan kefarmasian di semua kecamatan berdasarkan standar rasio apoteker terhadap jumlah penduduk dari kemenkes belum ada yang memenuhi standar. Rata-rata rasio apoteker di kabupaten sebesar 1,8 apoteker tiap 10.000 penduduk dengan nilai rasio paling besar di Gombong 6,7 apoteker tiap 10.000 penduduk dan Kebumen 4,7 apoteker tiap 10.000 penduduk. Profil pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek rata-rata nilainya 80?ngan kategori masing-masing apotek masuk dalam kategori baik dan cukup. Nilai tertinggi pada penilaian lokasi rata-rata 100%. Nilai terendah pada evaluasi mutu pelayanan kefarmasian dengan nilai rata-rata 48?n pelayanan farmasi klinis dengan nilai rata-rata 67%. Gambaran distribusi yang belum merata agar menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam pemberian ijin lokasi apotek baru. Selain itu perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih jauh mengenai faktor yang mempengaruhi minat masyarakat berkunjung ke apotek dan peluang usaha apotek agar terjadi keseimbangan antara kebutuhan masyarakat dan pelayanan kefarmasian oleh apotek.

Pharmacies as health service facilities are expected to be available evenly, affordably and of high quality. Current pharmacy data in Kebumen Regency is not yet available in an information system that is easy to understand and describes pharmacy locations as a whole. This research aims to determine the spatial distribution, community accessibility and profile of pharmacy pharmaceutical services in Kebumen Regency.

This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Implemented in August-October 2023 for all pharmacies in Kebumen Regency. The coordinates of pharmacies, health facilities and markets were obtained from Google Maps data and the GPS map camera application. Data on the number of pharmacists was obtained from the Population Control and Family Planning Health Service and the IAI PC Kebumen administrators. Administrative map and highway map data were obtained from the Regional Planning and Research and Development Agency. Population data was obtained from data from the Central Statistics Agency. Pharmaceutical service data was obtained by filling in the pharmaceutical service assessment checklist sheet based on Minister of Health Regulation number 73 of 2016. The final score <60>75% in the Good category. The independent variables were then spatially analyzed using ArcGIS 10.6 software. .

The results of this research provide an overview of the distribution of pharmacies in Kebumen Regency, most of which are in urban areas, located on the side of arterial, collector and local highways and tend to be located near health service facilities and markets. Accessibility of pharmaceutical services in all sub-districts based on the standard ratio of pharmacists to population from the Ministry of Health does not yet meet the standards. The average ratio of pharmacists in the district is 1.8 pharmacists per 10,000 residents with the highest ratio values in Gombong 6.7 pharmacists per 10,000 residents and Kebumen 4.7 pharmacists per 10,000 residents. The average profile of pharmaceutical services in pharmacies is 80% with each pharmacy category being in the good and fair categories. The highest score on the location assessment is an average of 100%. The lowest score was in evaluating the quality of pharmaceutical services with an average score of 48% and clinical pharmacy services with an average score of 67%. The uneven distribution picture should be taken into consideration when granting permits for new pharmacy locations. Apart from that, further research needs to be carried out regarding the factors that influence people's interest in visiting pharmacies and pharmacy business opportunities so that there is a balance between community needs and pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacies.

Keywords: Spatial analysis, pharmacy, geographic information system

Kata Kunci : analisis spasial, apotek, sistem informasi geografis