Temporal Interactions Between Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Other Omnivorous Mammals Based on Camera Trap in Shonai Area

Demetria Alika Putri, drh. Subeno, m.Sc.; Prof. Dr. Hiroto Enari

2023 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Babi hutan (Sus scrofa) telah lama menjadi subyek konflik manusia-satwa liar di Jepang dan populasinya terus bertambah secara signifikan selama bertahun-tahun. Dalam hal sumber makanan, babi hutan memiliki pola makan yang sama dengan mamalia omnivora lainnya, seperti anjing rakun jepang (Nyctereutes procyonoides), musang jepang (Meles anakuma), dan monyet jepang (Macaca fuscata). Memperoleh pemahaman komprehensif tentang alam liar babi hutan dampak terhadap lahan pertanian serta spesies lainnya merupakan komponen penting dalam pengelolaan satwa liar. Dengan menyelidiki pola aktivitas babi hutan dan mamalia omnivora lainnya di wilayah Shonai, dapat diketahui interaksi antar spesies, baik berupa kompetisi atau saling berdampingan. 

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan 32 camera trap yang berada di 8 lokasi di sepanjang wilayah Shonai pada bulan Mei hingga November 2023. Data yang dikumpulkan dari penelitian ini digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi pola aktivitas musiman dan interaksi antar spesies antara babi hutan dan mamalia omnivora lainnya berdasarkan waktu aktif yang ditangkap dengan camera trap. Identifikasi interaksi temporal dilakukan melalui metode kernel density untuk memperkirakan waktu aktif setiap spesies, sedangkan resource selection function (RSF) digunakan untuk menentukan interaksi antara subjek dengan faktor lingkungan.

Tumpang tindih temporal paling tinggi ditemukan antara babi hutan dan musang jepang, khususnya selama musim gugur (? ?1 = 0.65 - 0.78). Interaksi antara babi hutan dan anjing rakun jepang menunjukkan tumpang tindih yang cukup signifikan dengan setiap musim menunjukkan nilai tumpang tindih sedang hingga tinggi (? ?1 = 0.64 to 0.79). Interaksi antara babi hutan dan monyet jepang hampir tidak terdeteksi secara keseluruhan (? ?1 = 0.36 - 0.53). Hasil analisis regresi dari faktor lingkungan menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan babi hutan sepanjang tahunnya dipengaruhi oleh ketinggian serta penggunaan dan tutupan lahan.

The wild boar (Sus scrofa) has long been a subject to human-wildlife conflict in Japan and their population has grown significantly through the years. In terms of food resources, wild boar shares similar diet pattern with other omnivorous mammals, such as the Japanese racoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), Japanese badger (Meles anakuma), and Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata). Acquiring a comprehensive understanding of wild boars impacts towards agricultural land as well as other species is an important component in wildlife management. By investigating the activity patterns of wild boars and other omnivorous mammals in Shonai area, it can be inferred whether their interaction is classified as competition or coexistence. 

This research was conducted using a total of 32 camera, installed in 8 different sites throughout Shonai area from May until November 2023. Data collected from this research were used to identify seasonal activity patterns and the interspecies interactions between wild boar and other omnivorous mammals based on active time captured with camera traps. Identifying the temporal interactions were conducted through kernel density method to estimate active time of each species, while a resource selection function (RSF) was utilized to specify the interactions between the subjects with environmental factors.

Temporal overlaps were found at highest between wild boar and Japanese badger, particularly during autumn (? ?1 = 0.65 - 0.78) Interactions between wild boar and Japanese raccoon dog showed a quite significant overlap with each season display a moderate to major overlap value (? ?1 = 0.64 to 0.79). The interactions between wild boar and Japanese macaque were hardly detected overall (? ?1 = 0.36 - 0.53). Result from analyses regression of environmental factors pointed out that wild boar was influenced by elevation and land-use and land-cover all year round. 

Kata Kunci : wild boar, interactions, camera trap, activity pattern