Hubungan paparan debu kayu dengan keluhan subjektif saluran pernapasan dan gangguan ventilasi paru pada tenaga kerja PT Perwita Karya divisi mebel Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta

IRFAN, Asep, Prof.dr. Djauhar Ismail, MPH.,PhD.,Sp.AK

2003 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja

Latar Belakang: Keluhan subjektif saluran pernafasan yang sering terjadi pada tenaga kerja di PT Perwita Karya Divisi Mebel, berupa batuk-batuk 40%, pilek atau bersin-bersin 63% dan sesak napas 26%. Belum pernah dilakukan pengukuran kadar debu kayu, khususnya di bagian produksi yang merupakan potensial hazard yang tinggi. Pemeriksaan kesehatan khususnya faal paru tenaga kerja pada awal masuk maupun secara berkala belum dilaksanakan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan paparan debu kayu dengan keluhan subjektif saluran pernapasan dan gangguan ventilasi paru tenaga kerja serta hubungan antara keluhan subjektif saluran pernapasan dengan gangguan ventilasi paru. Cara Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional study. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah tenaga kerja di bagian produksi (sawmill dan sanding), dengan teknik purposive random sampling terhadap 57 orang tenaga kerja. Data tentang keluhan subjektif saluran pernapasan menggunakan kuesioner yang diadopsi dari British Occupational Hygiene Society Comittee on Hygiene Standarsds (Sub-Comittee on Vegetable Textile Dusts). Kadar debu kayu di tempat kerja di ukur dengan Low Volume Dust Sampler. Gangguan ventilasi paru responden diukur menggunakan spirometri yang dilihat dari nilai FEV, FVC dan FEV1/ FVC (%). Hasil: Tenaga kerja yang terpapar debu kayu mempunyai peluang 6,2 kali akan mengalami keluhan subjektif saluran pernapasan (CI 95%= 1,4-36,2) dan akan mengalami gangguan ventiasi paru sebesar 5 kali (CI 95%= 1,1-31,6). Tenaga kerja yang perokok mempunyai peluang 4,1 kali akan mengalami keluhan subjektif saluran pernapasan (CI 95%= 1,2-13,7) dan 7,1 kali akan mengalami gangguan ventiasi paru (CI 95%= 1,7-28,9). Tenaga kerja dengan keluhan subjektif saluran pernapasan mempunyai peluang 3,4 kali akan mengalami gangguan ventilasi paru (CI 95%= 1,1-11,5) Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara paparan kadar debu kayu dengan keluhan subjektif saluran pernapasan dan gangguan ventilasi paru begitu juga antara keluhan subjktif saluran pernapasan dengan gangguan ventilasi paru juga menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Faktor risiko lain yang mempengaruhi keluhan subjektif saluran pernapasan dan gangguan ventilasi paru adalah kebiasaan merokok pada tenaga kerja.

Background: Subjective complaints on respiration tract often occur among workers at PT. Perwita Karya, Furniture Division, involving coughing, 40%, having a cold or sniffing, 63% and being short winded, 26%. No measurement has been taken on wood dusts, as the highest potential hazard especially at production section. In addition, no health examination, especially on lung function of workers, has been performed on the first day of working or on periodical basis. Purpose: It was aimed to identify the relationship between exposure of wood dusts and subjective complaint on respiration tract and impaired lung ventilation, and to investigate the relationship between subjective complaint on respiration tract and impaired lung ventilation. Method: The research exploited cross sectional design. Samples involved workers belonged to production section (sawmill and sanding), and were taken using purposive random sampling technique among 57 workers. Data were gathered utilizing questionnaires on subjective respiration tract adopted from British Occupational Hygiene Society Committee on Hygiene Standards (Sub-committee on Vegetable Textile Dusts). Wood dust content at work place was measured using Low Volume Dust Sampler. The impaired lung ventilation of respondents was rated through the use of spirometry in term of FEV, FVC and FEV1/ FVC (%) values. Result: Workers exposed to wood dusts showed 6.2 and 5 opportunities of complaining subjective respiration tract (CI 95%= 1.4–36.2) and of suffering from impaired lung ventilation (CI 95%= 1.1–31.6), respectively. Smoking workers indicated 4.1 and 7.1 opportunities of complaining subjective respiration tract (CI 95%= 1.2–13.7) and of suffering from impaired lung ventilation (CI 95%= 1.7–28.9), respectively. Workers with subjective complaint on respiration tract showed 3.4 opportunities of suffering from impaired lung ventilation (CI 95%= 1.1–11.5). Conclusion: Significant relationship between exposure of wood dusts and subjective complaint on respiration tract and impaired lung ventilation was detected. Also, significant relationship between subjective complaint on respiration tract and impaired lung ventilation was indicated. Other risk factors influencing subjective complaint on respiration tract and impaired lung ventilation included smoking habit among workers.

Kata Kunci : Kesehatan Kerja,Debu Kayu,Keluhan Subyektif,Pernapasan dan Ventilasi Paru, woods dusts, respiration tract, lung