Kajian Gagal Ginjal Kasus Ehrlichia sp. Pada Anjing

Yudhya sekar lolita, Dr. drh. Yanuartono, M.P.

2024 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Gagal ginjal akibat Ehrlichia sp. merupakan penyakit infeksius yang menyerang anjing pada berbagai ras dan usia. Infeksi gagal ginjal karena Ehrlichia sp. bersifat multi sistemik dengan menyebabkan gangguan seperti diare, muntah, anemia, gangguan pernafasan bahkan kematian. Tingkat mortalitas gagal ginjal karena Ehrlichia sp. tergolong tinggi sehingga membutuhkan diagnosa yang tepat untuk kepentingan prognosis dan terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari gambaran klinis dan laboratoris penyakit gagal ginjal yang diakibatkan oleh Ehrlichia sp. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor anjing yang didiagnosa menderita gagal ginjal berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis dan laboratoris. Pemeriksaan laboratoris yang dilakukan meliputi preparat apus darah, Rapid test, hematologi, kimia darah, USG dan PCR. Data yang didapatkan dianalisa secara deskriptif. Sebanyak 30 sampel anjing menunjukkan positif Ehrlichia sp pada pemeriksaan preparat apus darah dan rapid test, namun demikian hasil pemeriksaan PCR menunjukkan hasil positif terhadap sampel darah setelah pengobatan hanya teramplifikasi 5 sampel. Beberapa gejala klinis yang diidentifikasi seperti diare, konstipasi muntah, letargi, uveitis, hemoragi. Pemeriksaan laboratoris menunjukkan trombositopenia, anemia, leukositosis, eosinofilia, monositosis serta kenaikan nilai BUN dan kreatinin. Pemeriksaan ultrasonografi ginjal menunjukkan atropi, ukuran normal bahkan dilatasi. Temuan gejala klinis dan keparahan dari penyakit bergantung dari spesies Ehrlichia sp. yang terlibat dan respon imun hospes.

Kidney failure due to Ehrlichia sp. is an infectious disease that attacks dogs of various breeds and ages. Kidney failure infection due to Ehrlichia sp. It is multi-systemic and causes disorders such as diarrhea, vomiting, anemia, respiratory problems and even death. Mortality rate of kidney failure due to Ehrlichia sp. is classified as high so it requires an appropriate diagnosis for the purposes of prognosis and therapy. This study aims to study the clinical and laboratory features of kidney failure caused by Ehrlichia sp.. This study used 30 dogs that were diagnosed with kidney failure based on clinical and laboratory examinations. Laboratory examinations carried out include blood smear preparation, rapid test, hematology, blood chemistry, ultrasound and PCR. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively. A total of 30 samples showed positive Ehrlichia sp. on blood smear and rapid test examinations, however, PCR examination results showed positive results on blood samples after treatment which only amplified 5 samples. Several clinical symptoms identified include diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, lethargy, uveitis, hemorrhage. Laboratory examination showed thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukocytosis, eosinophilia, monocytosis and increased BUN and creatinine values. Ultrasound examination of the kidneys shows atrophy, normal size and even dilatation. Findings of clinical symptoms and severity of disease depend on the species of Ehrlichia sp. involved and responding to immune hopes.

Kata Kunci : gagal ginjal, Ehrlichia sp, anjing, USG, hematologi, PCR