Pengendalian penyakit mas (Motile Aeromonas Septicemia) pada lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) melalui vaksinasi

OLGA, Dr. Langkah Sembiring, MSc

2003 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Penyakit MAS (Motile Aeromonas Septicemia) merupakan penyakit serius pada ikan-ikan air tawar khususnya lele dumbo. Vaksinasi untuk melawan penyakit ini telah dikembangkan, namun hasilnya bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan protein bakteri A. hydrophila dengan berat molekul (BM) 40 – 100 kDa yang dapat dijadikan sebagai antigen yang imunogenik dan mengetahui efikasinya dalam mengendalikan penyakit MAS pada lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus). Bakteri A. hydrophila diisolasi dari ginjal lele dumbo sakit, selanjutnya dikarakterisasi, diidentifikasi dan diuji tingkat patogenisitasnya melalui uji Postulat Koch. Isolat A. hydrophila yang paling virulen dipecah dengan sonikasi dan disentrifuge menjadi cell free extract dan debris. Cell free extract difraksinasi dengan amonium sulfat kemudian protein cell free extract dipisah dengan cara elektroforesis, selanjutnya protein A hydrophila dengan BM 40 – 100 kDa diisolasi melalui elektroelusi. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (CRD) dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Selanjutnya dianalisis dengan ANAVA dan Uji Wilayah Ganda Duncan. 225 ekor lele dumbo dibagi dalam 5 perlakuan yaitu (A) vaksin protein dengan BM 86,578 kDa, (B) vaksin protein dengan BM 53,521 kDa, (C) vaksin protein dengan BM 40,750 kDa, (D) vaksin cell free extract, (E) kontrol disuntik PBS steril. Dosis 5 g/ikan. Parameter yang diamati, yaitu titer antibodi, Relative Percent Survival (RPS), Rerata Waktu Kematian (RWK) dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian vaksin berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap peningkatan titer antibodi lele dumbo yang diberi vaksin. Nilai RPS (A = 40,91 %, B = 70,45 %, C = 59,09 %, and D = 75,00%) dan RWK keempat perlakuan vaksin (A = 2,33 hari, B = 1,83 hari, C = 2,06 hari, D = 1,72 hari) tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05), tetapi RWK keempat perlakuan vaksin berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan E (kontrol = 1,02 hari). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa vaksin protein A. hydrophila dengan berat molekul 86,578 kDa, 53,521 kDa dan 40,750 kDa dan cell free extract dapat meningkatkan titer antibodi, RPS dan memperpanjang RWK lele dumbo. Namun vaksin dengan BM 53,521 kDa merupakan yang terbaik.

Diseases of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) are the dangerous disease on freshwater fishes especially African catfish. Vaccination against this disease has been developed. However, there were high result variations of the vaccination. The study was aimed to find out of the protein of Aeromonas hydrophila with molecular weight 40 – 100 kDa as an imunogenic of antigen and to evaluate of the efficacy of these protein to control the MAS diseases on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). A. hydrophila was isolated from the kidney of African catfish sickness. Furthermore, they were characterized, identified and tested pathogenicity level through Postulat Koch. The most virulent A. hydrophila was broken by sonication and it was sentrifuged into cell free extract and debris. Cell free extract was fractionated with Amonium Sulfat, then the protein of cell free extract was separated by electrophoresis. Furthermore, the protein with molecular weight of 40 – 100 kDa were isolated by electroelution. The research was constructed as CRD with five treatments and three replicates. Furthermore, it was analized by ANAVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. 225 African catfish were devided into five treatments, i.e. (A) vaccine with molecular weight of 86.578 kDa, (B) vaccine with molecular weight of 53.521 kDa, (C) vaccine with molecular weight of 40.750 kDa, (D) vaccine with cell free extract, (E) control was infected by sterile PBS. The dosage was 5 g/fish. Parameter to controlled were antibody titer, Relative Percent Survival (RPS), Meant Death Time (MTD) and water quality. The results showed that vaccines were significantly differences (P<0.01) from control to could increase the antibody titer of African catfish with vaccinated. RPS (A = 40.91 %, B = 70.45 %, C = 59.09 %, and D = 75.00 %) and MTD (A = 2.33 days, B = 1.83 days, C = 2.06 days, and D = 1.7233 days) were not significant differences between types vaccine (P>0,05), but MTD of fourth treatment (A,B,C and D) were significant differences (P<0,05) with E (kontrol) = 1.02 days. As a conclusion, the protein vaccine of A. hydrophila with molecular weight of 86.578 kDa, 55.521 kDa, 40.750 kDa and cell free extract could increase antibody titer, RPS and to extend MTD on African catfish. However the vaccine with molecular weight of 53,521 kDa was a good vaccine.

Kata Kunci : Biologi Hewan,Penyakit Lele,Vaksinasi, A. hydrophila, molecular weight of protein, vaccination, African catfish