Analisis Kerentanan dan Perencanaan Mitigasi Bencana Gerakan Tanah di Kecamatan Kapala Pitu Kabupaten Toraja Utara

Eki Paska Kombong, Dr. Eng. Fikri Faris, S.T., M. Eng.; Ir. Ashar Saputra, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., IPM.

2024 | Tesis | S2 TEKNIK PENGELOLAAN BENCANA ALAM

Bencana gerakan tanah sering terjadi dan jumlahnya semakin meningkat di Indonesia. Kabupaten Toraja Utara merupakan daerah rawan bencana gerakan tanah atau tanah longsor dengan tingkat menengah sampai tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan (knowledge), sikap (attitude), tindakan (practice) masyarakat terhadap bencana gerakan tanah, mengetahui kerentanan bencana gerakan tanah dan menyusun perencanaan mitigasi bencana gerakan tanah di Kecamatan Kapala Pitu, Kabupaten Toraja Utara.

Penelitian ini bersifat deduktif dengan pendekatan kombinasi (mixed methods) yang dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2023 dengan 90 sampel. Penelitian ini mendapatkan data untuk analisis desktiptif melalui instrumen kuesioner, sedangkan dalam rangka mengukur tingkat bahaya (hazard) secara kuantitatif dilakukan sampling dan uji laboratorium serta pemodelan dengan Slope/W melalui aplikasi Geo Studio.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 54,4% masyarakat memiliki pengetahuan rendah, 50% masyarakat memiliki sikap positif dan tindakan yang baik dalam menerapkan aturan dan pengetahuan dalam pengurangan bencana gerakan tanah sebanyak 50%. Hasil ini menyatakan bahwa sebagian masyarakat memiliki kerentanan tinggi terhadap bencana gerakan tanah. Dalam tinjauan tingkat bahaya gerakan tanah, analisis stabilitas secara umum menghasilkan safety factor (SF) <1>

Landslide occurrences induced by ground movements represent a persistent and escalating challenge in Indonesia, necessitating proactive intervention. Notably, the North Toraja Regency has been identified as a region with a significant susceptibility to landslide hazards, ranging from moderate to high levels. The current study addresses this issue by conducting a comprehensive assessment of community understanding, attitudes, and practices towards landslide disasters, while also evaluating vulnerability to such hazards. In addition, the study aims to develop a customized mitigation plan to effectively address landslide risk in Kapala Pitu District, North Toraja Regency.

Employing a deductive approach, the research methodology hinges on a mixed-methods framework, combining both quantitative and qualitative techniques. Data collection transpired from March to May 2023, with a sample size of 90 participants selected for the study. Descriptive insights were garnered through the administration of a structured questionnaire, enabling an assessment of the participants' knowledge, attitudes, and actions pertaining to landslide disaster mitigation. Additionally, quantitative hazard evaluations were undertaken through systematic sampling, laboratory analyses, and the application of the Slope/W model, facilitated by the Geo Studio software.

The study's findings reveal a nuanced landscape in terms of the community's preparedness and understanding of landslide hazards. Approximately 54.4% of the studied population exhibited a limited grasp of landslide-related concepts, highlighting a pressing need for awareness-building initiatives. Encouragingly, 50% of the participants displayed positive attitudes and commendable practices, showcasing a readiness to adhere to existing regulations and employ knowledge in minimizing landslide risks. An intriguing revelation is the marked vulnerability of a considerable portion of the community to landslide hazards. Analysis of landslide hazard levels indicates that stability assessments generally yield safety factors (SF) <1>

Kata Kunci : Gerakan Tanah, Mitigasi Bencana, Toraja Utara