Pengaruh Perebusan terhadap Kualitas Veneer Kayu Sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.))

Cut Devina Sekarningrum Kinasih, Ir. Tomy Listyanto, S.Hut., M. Env.Sc., Ph.D

2023 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.)) merupakan salah satu cepat tumbuh yang banyak dimanfaatkan di Indonesia. Selain pertumbuhannya yang cepat, jenis kayu ini memiliki keunggulan lainnya seperti pemeliharaannya yang mudah, dapat tumbuh beradaptasi di berbagai jenis tanah, dan kayu cenderung tumbuh lurus. Salah satu pemanfaatan kayu sengon adalah sebagai bahan baku kayu lapis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui interaksi antara proses perebusan dan variasi letak radial terhadap kualitas veneer kayu sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.)).

Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel kayu sengon berumur 7 tahun sebanyak 3 pohon pengulangan untuk perebusan dan 3 pohon pengulangan untuk tanpa perebusan dengan faktor  perlakuan perebusan dan arah radial. Perlakuan perebusan meliputi perlakuan direbus dan tidak direbus, dan arah radial meliputi dekat hati, tengah, dan dekat kulit. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (Completely Randomized Design) dan dianalisis dengan two–way ANOVA yang jika terjadi perbedaan diuji dengan uji lanjut HSD dengan taraf signifikan 0,05. Pembuatan contoh pengujian kualitas mengikuti SNI 7836.1-2012.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan veneer kayu sengon memiliki kadar air sebesar 57,605 - 132,760 %; ketebalan veneer berkisar antara 0,55 – 0,60 mm; variasi ketebalan 0,15 – 0,19 mm; penyusutan radial 2,36 – 4,45 %; penyusutan tangensial 2,195 – 3,005 %; dan persentase bebas cacat 43,33 – 93,33%. Berdasarkan analisis keragaman, faktor perlakuan perebusan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap keseluruhan pengamatan kualitas veneer. Faktor arah radial berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, ketebalan, dan persentase bebas cacat veneer. 

Sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.)) is a fast-growing tree widely utilized in Indonesia. Besides its rapid growth, this type of wood has other advantages such as easy maintenance, adaptability to various types of soil, and the tendency to grow straight. One of the uses of sengon wood is as a raw material for plywood. The purpose of this research is to determine the interaction between the boiling process and radial position variations on the quality of sengon wood veneer (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.)).

This study used samples of 7-year-old sengon wood, with 3 trees for boiling treatment and 3 trees for no boiling treatment, considering boiling treatment and radial direction as factors. Boiling treatments included boiled and non-boiled, and radial directions included near the heart, middle, and near the bark. The study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and analyzed with two-way ANOVA. If there were differences, further testing was conducted using HSD test at a significance level of 0,05. The quality testing samples were prepared following SNI 7836.1-2012.

The results showed that sengon wood veneer had a moisture content ranging from 57.605 to 132.760%; veneer thickness ranged from 0.55 to 0.60 mm; thickness variation ranged from 0.15 to 0.19 mm; radial shrinkage ranged from 2.36 to 4.45%; tangential shrinkage ranged from 2.195 to 3.005%; and defect-free percentage ranged from 43.33 to 93.33%. Based on the variance analysis, the boiling treatment factor did not significantly affect the overall observations of veneer quality. The radial direction factor significantly affected moisture content, thickness, and defect-free percentage of the veneer.

Kata Kunci : Falcataria moluccana (Miq.), cepat tumbuh, kayu lapis, kualitas veneer, arah radial, perebusan;Falcataria moluccana (Miq.), fast-growing, plywood, veneer quality, radial position, boiling.