PERAN PRIMATA DALAM DIET MACAN TUTUL JAWA (Panthera pardus melas, Cuvier 1809) DI PULAU NUSAKAMBANGAN, JAWA TENGAH
Dirga Priyambada, Dr. rer. silv. Muhammad Ali Imron, S.Hut., M.Sc.
2023 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN
Pulau Nusakambangan memiliki berbagai sistem pengelolaan yang menyebabkan perbedaan kondisi habitat sehingga diduga memengaruhi primata dalam memilih dan menggunakan habitat. Primata merupakan mangsa macan tutul jawa di Pulau Nusakambangan. Keberadaan primata saling berkaitan dengan keberadaan macan tutul jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi distribusi spasial primata, pengaruh macan tutul jawa terhadap distribusi spasial primata, serta mengidentifikasi proporsi primata dalam diet macan tutul jawa di Pulau Nusakambangan. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi distribusi spasial primata yaitu analisis okupansi. Pengambilan data okupansi primata digunakan metode survei jalur dengan mencatat kehadiran primata di 105 grid sampling berukuran 1 km x 1 km dengan membagi jalur pada segmen sepanjang 100 meter. Data kovariat atau faktor habitat yang diambil yaitu jarak dari sungai, NDVI, jarak dari pemukiman, keberadaan macan tutul jawa, ketinggian kanopi, dan kelerengan. Perhitungan nilai proportion of area occupied (PAO) dan faktor yang memengaruhi dilakukan dengan bantuan software PRESENCE V.2.13.47. Untuk mengetahui proporsi primata dalam diet macan tutul jawa, dilakukan menggunakan analisis kotoran. Nilai PAO primata di Pulau Nusakambangan diperoleh sebesar 35.24%. Faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhi okupansi primata meliputi keberadaan macan tutul jawa berkorelasi positif, NDVI berkorelasi negatif, ketinggian kanopi berkorelasi positif, dan jarak dari sungai berkorelasi negatif. Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa primata berperan penting dalam diet macan tutul jawa di Pulau Nusakambangan dilihat dari proporsi primata dalam diet macan tutul jawa berada pada peringkat ketiga setelah satwa ungulata dan rodentia. Dalam upaya konservasi primata sebagai mangsa macan tutul jawa, diperlukan kajian lanjutan mengenai estimasi populasi primata di Pulau Nusakambangan. Selain itu, keberadaan habitat primata harus dipertahankan oleh seluruh pihak pengelola Pulau Nusakambangan.
Nusakambangan Island has various management systems that lead to differences in habitat conditions, which are believed to affect primates in choosing and utilizing their habitat. Primates are prey for the Javan leopard on Nusakambangan Island. The presence of primates is interrelated with the presence of the Javan leopard. This study aims to identify primate occupancy and the factors that influence it, as well as the proportion of primates in the Javan leopard's diet. The method used in collecting primate occupancy data was a transect survey by recording the presence of primates in 105 grids sampling measuring by 1 km x 1 km. The transect is divided into 100-meter segments. Covariates or habitat factors data taken is distance from the river, NDVI, distance from settlements, presence of the Javan leopard, canopy height, and slope. Calculation of the value of the proportion of area occupied (PAO) and the factors that influence primate occupancy it is done with PRESENCE V.2.13.47 software. To determine the proportion of primates in the Javanese leopard's diet, the method used was fecal analysis. The PAO of primates on Nusakambangan Island was 35.24%. Habitat factors affecting primate occupancy are the presence of the Javan leopard has a positive correlation, NDVI has a negative correlation, canopy height has a positive correlation, and the distance from the settlement has a negative correlation. The results also show that primates play an important role in the diet of the Javan leopard on Nusakambangan Island. This is evidenced by primates being the third most consumed prey in the Javan leopard's diet, following ungulate and rodentia prey. To conserve primates on Nusakambangan Island, the existence of primate habitats must be maintained by all parties managing Nusakambangan Island. In addition, the existence of primate habitats must be maintained by all parties managing Nusakambangan Island.To support conserve primates as prey for Javan leopards, further studies are needed on the estimation of primate populations on Nusakambangan Island. In an effort to conserve primates on Nusakambangan Island, the existence of primate habitat must be maintained by all parties managing Nusakambangan Island.
Kata Kunci : primata, Panthera pardus melas, okupansi, Pulau Nusakambangan, hubungan predator dan mangsa