Subak Dalam Perpektif Hukum Penataan Ruang Daerah Bali

Kadek Sarna, Prof. Dr. Nurhasan Ismail, S.H., M.Si. ; Dr. Harry Supriyono, S.H., M.Si.

2023 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Hukum

Pesatnya perkembangan pembangunan Bali saat ini menyebabkan eksistensi Subak terancam. Untuk meneliti hal tersebut dari persepektif hukum penataan ruang daerah Bali maka, penelitian ini menganalisis sekaligus menjelaskan bagaimanakah kebijakan penataan ruang daerah Bali melindungi eksistensi Subak, apa dampak kebijakan penataan ruang daerah Bali terhadap eksistensi Subak serta bagaimanakah seharusnya kebijakan perlindungan Subak dalam hukum penataan ruang daerah Bali, agar berkelanjutan serta mendukung kelestarian lingkungan hidup.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif-empiris, dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, pendekatan historis dan pendekatan konseptual. Teknik pengumpulan datanya dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara terstruktur terhadap narasumber dan responden yang ditentukan secara purposive sampling. Analisis fakta empiris dan datanya dilakukan secara kualitatif, serta hasil penelitiannya disajikan dalam bentuk laporan yang bersifat deskriptif analitis.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa, kebijakan penataan ruang daerah Bali dalam substansi normatif maupun mekanisme implementatifnya lemah dalam melindungi eksistensi Subak. Sehingga, selain secara garis besar telah menyebabkan munculnya permasalahan pelanggaran tata ruang dan degradasi lingkungan, kebijakan penataan ruang daerah Bali yang secara substansi normatif maupun mekanisme implementatifnya lemah dalam melindungi eksistensi Subak juga telah menyebabkan dampak pada, memperlemah eksistensi ruang kawasan Subak dan memperlemah kedudukan Subak sebagai kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat. Oleh karena itu, agar perlindungan Subak dalam hukum penataan ruang daerah Bali dapat memberikan perlindungan terhadap keberlanjutan eksistensi Subak dan mendukung kelestarian lingkungan hidup maka, dalam substansi normatif maupun mekanisme implementatif kebijakannya harus memperhatikan serta mengimplementasikan, upaya yang mengacu pada sinergitas 4 (empat) pilar pembangunan berkelanjutan sebagai pendekatan dasar utama perlindungan Subak, yang dijabarkan ke dalam upaya-upaya mengefektifkan pemanfaatan dan pengendalian ruang kawasan Subak, dan upaya-upaya mengakomodir partisipasi Subak dalam kebijakan penataan ruang daerah.

The rapid growth of Bali's current development has caused the existence of Subak to be threatened. To examine this problem from the perspective of Bali's spatial planning law, this research analyzes as well as explains how Bali's spatial planning policy protects the existence of Subak, what is the impact of Bali's spatial planning policy on the existence of Subak and how Subak protection policy should be in Bali's spatial planning law, in order to be sustainable and support environmental sustainability.

This research is a normative-empirical legal research, with a statutory approach, historical approach and conceptual approach. The data collection technique is carried out through literature study and structured interviews with source and respondents determined by purposive sampling. The analysis of empirical facts and data is carried out by qualitatively, and the results of the research are presented in the form of an analytical descriptive report.

Based on the results of this research, it is concluded that the Bali regional spatial planning policy in its normative substance and implementation mechanism is weak in protecting the existence of Subak. So, besides generally causing the emergence of spatial violations and environmental degradation, the Bali regional spatial planning policy which in its normative substance and implementation mechanism is weak in protecting the existence of Subak has also caused impacts on, weakening the existence of Subak area space and weakening the position of Subak as a unit of customary law society. Therefore, in order for the Subak protection in Bali's spatial planning law able to provide protection for the sustainability of Subak existence and support environmental sustainability, in its normative substance and implementation mechanism of the policy, must pay attention to and implement efforts that refer to the synergy of the 4 (four) pillars of sustainable development as the main basic approach to Subak protection, which is translated into efforts to improve the utilization and spatial control of Subak areas, and efforts to accommodate the participation of Subak in regional spatial planning policies.

Kata Kunci : Subak, Penataan Ruang daerah Bali, Kebijakan.