Perancangan media promosi kesehatan GAKI pada anak SD di daerah endemik di Provinsi Bali

SUIRAOKA, I Putu, dr. Suharyanto Supardi, MPH.,MSPH

2003 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Gangguan akibat kekurangan iodium (GAKI) merupakan masalah serius di Indonesia. Penanggulangan GAKI dilakukan melalui beberapa program, termasuk iodisasi garam. Pengetahuan ibu rumah tangga tentang GAKI merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan garam beryodium di rumah tangga. Pengetahuan mereka dapat ditingkatkan melalui peningkatan pengetahuan anak SD tentang GAKI, karena mereka merupakan salah satu pembawa pesan di tingkat rumah tangga. Metode pendidikan kesehatan tentang GAKI di SD adalah penyuluhan langsung tanpa menggunakan media. Padahal media diperlukan agar proses pendidikan dapat berlangsung efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang media promosi kesehatan dengan target sasaran (anak SD) di daerah endemik GAKI di Provinsi Bali. Metode: penelitian kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam pada subjek guru pendidikan jasmani dan kesehatan, psikolog, praktisi pendidikan dan petugas promosi kesehatan dan gizi, Diskusi kelompok terarah terhadap 8 kelompok anak SD dari dua karakteristik yang diamati dan Check list tanggapan anak SD terhadap rancangan media. Hasil penelitian: Permasalahan dalam pendidikan kesehatan pada anak SD di Kabupaten Karangasem yaitu: terbatasnya media, adanya risiko kesehatan akibat GAKI, serta fase sosial anak SD pada operasional konkrit. Rencana strategi komunikasi dalam promosi kesehatan pencegahan GAKI terdiri dari kegiatan merumuskan tujuan promosi, merumuskan informasi yang dikomunikasikan, menentukan saluran dan cara penyampaian informasi. Anak sekolah dasar (target audience) dalam penelitian ini berpendapat bahwa materi, saluran, jenis media pencegahan GAKI yang cocok bagi mereka adalah jenis media yang menyediakan banyak illustrasi gambar seperti cerita bergambar, leaflet, atau booklet. Hasil uji coba terhadap rancangan media menunjukkan bahwa penampakan fisik dari booklet, leaflet dan cerita bergambar yang dirancang sudah sesuai dengan spesifikasi sasaran. Rencana evaluasi meliputi evaluasi proses dan evaluasi dampak dari program promosi kesehatan pencegahan ak SD. GAKI pada anKesimpulan: Menurut anak SD penyampaian materi dilakukan dengan komunikasi personal (ceramah). Jenis media pencegahan GAKI yang diinginkan adalah leaflet, booklet dan cerita bergambar. Dalam rancangan media penokohan anggota keluarga sebagai ilustrasi gambar akan memberi efek penguatan pesan. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan tanggapan sasaran terhadap rancangan media sudah baik.

Background: Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) is a serious problem in Indonesia. IDD control program was implemented through some preventive action, included iodized salt. Housewives knowledge regarding IDD are a factor that could influence the availability of iodized salt in household. Their knowledge could be improved through knowledge improvement of Primary school children regarding IDD, because they considered as one of message carriers in the household. Health education activity at school was implemented through discourse without using media. Therefore, media is need to make the health education process could run effectively. This research was aimed to design health promotion media that suitable with primary school children in endemic area of IDD in Bali province. Methods: This was a qualitative research that used in-depth interview with subjects teachers, psychologists, education practitioners and nutrition officers. In addition, this research was also implemented with focus group discussion toward 8 groups of primary school children from two characteristics and Check List of Primary School children toward media design. responseResult: Health education problem at primary school children in Karangasem district was media limitation, existence risk of IDD effect, and also social phase of primary school children at concrete operational. The communications strategy in health promotion of IDD prevention consisted by formulated goals, informations,channels and methods. Primary school children (target audience) in this research had a notion that items, channel, media type for them were media with a lot of picture illustration like leaflet, booklet, and pictorial story. Result of pre-testing media indicate that the physical vision from leaflet, booklet, and pictorial story compatible to target specification. The evaluation planning included the process and impact evaluation from health promotion program of IDD prevention at primary school children. Conclusions: According to primary school children, health education at school conducted with the personal communications (discourse). Media type of IDD prevention wich primary school children wanted was leaflet, booklet and pictorial story. Figure of family member as picture illustration in the media will give the reinforcement effect to the masage. Pre-testing result was indicated target response to media device were good.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Sehat, Daerah Endemik, Media Promosi Kesehatan,primary school children, media