HUBUNGAN ANTARA FREKUENSI KONSUMSI DAN PROPORSI JENIS MAKANAN KARIOGENIK DENGAN TINGKAT KEJADIAN KARIES PADA ANAK USIA 6-8 TAHUN DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Ditya Fajriyanti, drg. Lisdrianto Hanindriyo, MPH., Ph.D. ; Dr. drg. Sri Widiati, MPH.

2023 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN GIGI

Latar Belakang: Karies gigi merupakan  penyakit gigi dan mulut yang paling sering dialami oleh anak-anak karena kebiasaan mengonsumsi makanan kariogenik. Perlunya mengubah kebiasaan konsumsi makanan kariogenik agar dapat memelihara kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi dan proporsi jenis makanan kariogenik dengan tingkat kejadian karies pada anak usia 6-8 tahun di Kota Yogyakarta. 

Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang, dilakukan pada 152 anak berusia 6-8 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu cluster random sampling. Variabel frekuensi konsumsi dan proporsi jenis makanan kariogenik diukur menggunakan 48-hours Diet Recall dan variabel tingkat kejadian karies gigi anak diukur menggunakan indeks dmf-t. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Korelasi Pearson dan uji Regresi Linear Berganda.  

Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata skor frekuensi konsumsi makanan kariogenik anak sebesar 3,48 dan persentase makanan kariogenik yang dikonsumsi sebesar 19,16%. Rerata skor dmf-t pada anak sebesar 7,50. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa nilai p-value = <0>

Kesimpulan: Semakin tinggi frekuensi konsumsi makanan kariogenik, proporsi jenis makanan kariogenik jenis A, proporsi jenis makanan kariogenik jenis B, dan proporsi jenis makanan kariogenik jenis C, maka semakin tinggi tingkat kejadian karies gigi pada anak usia 6-8 tahun di Kota Yogyakarta.

Background: Dental caries is a dental and oral disease most commonly experienced by children due to the habit of consuming cariogenic foods. It is necessary to change the habit of consuming cariogenic food in order to maintain oral health. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the frequency of consumption and the proportion of cariogenic food types with the incidence of caries in children aged 6-8 years in Yogyakarta City. 

Material and Methods: The study design used was cross-sectional. The sample is 152 children aged 6-8 years in Yogyakarta City, taken by clustered random sampling technique. The variable frequency of consumption and the proportion of cariogenic food types were measured using 48-hours Diet Recall and the variable incidence rate of dental caries was measured using the dmf-t index. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation test and the Multiple Linear Regression test.

Results: The results showed that the mean score of children's cariogenic food consumption frequency was 3.48 and the percentage of cariogenic food consumed was 19.16%. The mean score of dmf-t in children was 7.50. The correlation analysis results showed that the p-value = <0>

Conclusion: The higher the frequency of cariogenic food consumption, the proportion of cariogenic food type A, the proportion of cariogenic food type B, and the proportion of cariogenic food type C, the higher the incidence of dental caries in children aged 6-8 years in Yogyakarta City.

Kata Kunci : Karies Gigi, Makanan Kariogenik, Anak Sekolah Dasar