Pengaruh Modal Sosial terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Petani Jahe di Kapanewon Semin Kabupaten Gunungkidul

Runi Hasanah, Dr. Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo, M.Ec.

2023 | Skripsi | SOS.EK. PERTANIAN (AGROBISNIS)

Modal sosial (Social Capital) yang dimiliki kelompok tani memberikan banyak manfaat bagi petani, salah satunya dalam hal peningkatan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1)Mengetahui tingkat modal sosial yang dimiliki petani jahe di Kapanewon Semin, Kabupaten Gunungkidul; (2)Mengetahui tingkat pendapatan dan tingkat kesejahteraan petani jahe di Kapanewon Semin, Kabupaten Gunungkidul; (3)Mengetahui pengaruh modal sosial dan faktor lainya terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga petani jahe di Kapanewon Semin, Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Metode dasar penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan 40 responden petani jahe pemilik penggarap yang dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Tingkat modal sosial yang dimiliki petani jahe diukur dengan menghitung nilai rerata skor masing- masing unsur modal sosial, yaitu norma (norms), rasa percaya (trust), dan partisipasi (participation). Pendapatan rumah tangga petani jahe dihitung dengan menjumlahkan pendapatan usahatani jahe, usahatani non jahe, dan dari luar usahatani. Tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani jahe diukur berdasarkan kriteria kemiskinan Badan Pusat Statistik Gunungkidul 2021, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 2019, dan Bank Dunia 2020. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pendapatan rumah tangga petani jahe dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan rerata skor modal sosial petani jahe di Kapanewon Semin sebesar 4,07 (tinggi). Rerata pendapatan perbulan rumah tangga petani jahe di Kapanewon Semin sebesar Rp3.325.238 menurut BPS 2008 tergolong tinggi. Berdasarkan kriteria BPS Gunungkidul 2021, FAO 2019, dan Bank Dunia 2020, kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani jahe tergolong tidak miskin. Peningkatan modal sosial rasa percaya, luas lahan yang dimiliki petani, dan jumlah anggota keluarga yang bekerja akan berpengaruh positif terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga petani jahe di Kapanewon Semin.

The social capital within the farmer group provides many benefits to farmers in terms of increasing income and well-being. This research aims to (1) Determine the level of social capital possessed by ginger farmers in the Semin Sub-District, Gunungkidul Regency; (2) Determine the income level and well-being of ginger farmers in the Semin Sub-District, Gunungkidul Regency; (3) Determine the influence of social capital and other factors on the household income of ginger farmers in the Semin Sub-District, Gunungkidul Regency. The basic research method used is a quantitative descriptive method with 40 ginger farmer respondents who are selected using a simple random sampling technique. The level of social capital possessed by ginger farmers is measured by calculating the average score of each element of social capital, namely norms, trust, and participation. The household income of ginger farmers is calculated by summing income from ginger farming, non-ginger farming, and external sources. The well-being level of ginger farmer households is measured based on the poverty criteria of the Central Statistics Agency of Gunungkidul 2021, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 2019, and the World Bank 2020. Factors influencing ginger farmer household income are analyzed using multiple linear regression tests. The research findings show that the total average score of social capital among ginger farmers in the Semin Sub-District is 4.07 (high). The average monthly income of ginger farmer households in the Semin Sub-District is Rp3.325.238, categorized as high income according to BPS 2008. According to the criteria of the Gunungkidul Central Statistics Agency 2021, FAO 2019, and the World Bank 2020, the well-being of ginger farmer households is considered not poor. Increasing social capital through trust, land area owned by farmers, and the number of family members working will have a positive impact on the household income of ginger farmers in the Semin Sub-District.

Kata Kunci : modal sosial, pendapatan, kesejahteraan, rumah tangga