Evaluasi Kualitas Estetika Tanaman Lanskap di Taman Hotel Sheraton Mustika Yogyakarta

Ananda Raihan Alhadi, Siti Nurul Rofiqo Irwan, S.P., M.Agr., Ph.D.; Haviah Hafidhotul Ilmiah, M.Sc.

2023 | Skripsi | AGRONOMI

Tanaman sebagai salah satu komponen lunak penyusun lanskap memegang peranan penting dalam memberikan jasa layanan lingkungan. Tanaman tidak hanya berperan dalam meningkatkan kualitas estetika, namun juga berperan dalam pengaturan iklim mikro dan kestabilan ekosistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas estetika melalui penilaian visual keindahan, mengetahui kondisi iklim mikro, dan mengetahui keanekaragaman tanaman sebagai penyusun fungsi estetika lanskap di taman Hotel Sheraton Mustika Yogyakarta (HSMY). Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-April 2023 di taman HSMY menggunakan metode survei dengan teknik penentuan sampel purposif dan membagi taman menjadi tiga zona, yaitu zona A (area publik), zona B (area semi publik), dan zona C (area privat). Setiap zona kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) yaitu penilaian kualitas estetika lanskap, rerata kondisi iklim mikro lingkungan taman HSMY, dan perhitungan indeks keanekaragaman jenis Shannon-Wiener. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interval nilai kualitas estetika lanskap yang diperoleh adalah 0,0 – 367,39. Nilai kualitas estetika lanskap tersebut dikelompokan dalam tiga kategori kualitas estetika menggunakan metode kuartil, yaitu kualitas estetika rendah (nilai estetika lanskap < 120> 241,95). Nilai kualitas estetika lanskap tertinggi diperoleh pada zona privat titik 21 yaitu lanskap taman inti yang terdesain dengan baik (367,39). Nilai kualitas estetika lanskap sedang diperoleh pada zona publik titik 8 area sekitar ballroom hotel (241,95). Nilai kualitas estetika lanskap terendah diperoleh pada zona privat titik 30 yaitu lanskap taman yang tidak terdesain dengan baik (0). Kondisi iklim mikro di taman HSMY menunjukkan rentang nilai rerata suhu udara pagi hari 29,34? - 31,80?, siang hari 31,36? - 33,40?, dan sore hari 30,32? - 31,80?. Rentang nilai rerata kelembapan udara pagi hari 59,12% - 71,11%, siang hari 55,43% - 62,75%, dan sore hari 63,11% - 70,01%. Rentang nilai rerata kecepatan angin pagi hari 0,18 – 1,26 m/s, siang hari 0,43 – 1,1 m/s, dan sore hari 0,65 – 0,90 m/s. Rentang nilai rerata intensitas cahaya pagi hari 61.551 - 63.961 lux, siang hari 69.320 - 73.091 lux, dan sore hari 60.460 - 61.988 lux. Indeks keanekaragaman jenis tanaman HSMY tergolong sedang - tinggi dengan kisaran 2,67 - 3,01.

Plants as one of the soft components making up the landscape play an important role in providing environmental services. Plants not only play a role in improving aesthetic quality, but also play a role in microclimate regulation and ecosystem stability. This study aims to determine aesthetic quality through visual assessment, determine microclimatic conditions, and determine plant diversity as a constituent of the aesthetic function of the landscape in the garden of the Sheraton Mustika Hotel Yogyakarta (HSMY). Data collection was carried out in February-April 2023 at the HSMY park using a purposive sampling survey method and dividing the park into three zones, namely zone A (public area), zone B (semi public area), and zone C (private area). Each zone is then analyzed using the Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) method, which is an assessment of the visual quality of the landscape, the average microclimatic conditions of the HSMY park environment, and the calculation of the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index. The results showed that the SBE value interval obtained was 0.0 – 367.39. The SBE values were grouped into three aesthetic quality categories using the quartile method, namely low aesthetic quality (SBE value < 120> 241.95). The highest SBE values is obtained in the private zone at point 21 (367.39) in zone C the well-design garden landscape. Medium SBE values were obtained at the public zone point 8 area around the hotel ballroom (241.95) zone A. Lowest SBE values is obtained in the private zone points 30 (0) zone C which is the not well-designed garden landscape. Conditions The microclimate in the HSMY park shows a range of average temperatures in the morning 29.34? - 31.80?, during the day 31.36? - 33.40?, and in the afternoon 30.32? - 31.80?. The range of average humidity values in the morning is 59.12% - 71.11%, during the day is 55.43% - 62.75%, and in the afternoon is 63.11% - 70.01%. The average wind speed range is 0.18 – 1.26 m/s in the morning, 0.43 – 1.1 m/s during the day, and 0.65 – 0.90 m/s in the afternoon. The range of values for the average light intensity in the morning was 61,551 - 63,961 lux, during the day 69.320 - 73.091 lux, and in the evening 60,460 - 61,988 lux. The HSMY plant species diversity index was classified into medium - high with a range of 2.67 - 3.01.

Kata Kunci : iklim mikro, keanekaragaman jenis, lanskap taman, penilaian kualitas estetika lanskap, tanaman