Analisis Faktor Pendorong dan Evaluasi Perubahan Behavioral Intention Mahasiswa untuk Mengikuti Perkuliahan Luring di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

LUSIA ESTIHITO ESTUNINGRUM, Ir. I Gusti Bagus Budi Dharma, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng.

2022 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Industri

Di masa pandemi Covid-19, berbagai kebijakan terkait metode pembelajaran dikeluarkan pemerintah Indonesia mulai dari kebijakan daring penuh hingga campuran (hybrid learning). Ketika kebijakan terkait metode pembelajaran campuran yang tertuang dalam Surat Keputusan Bersama Empat Menteri tanggal 7 Agustus 2020 dikeluarkan, sebagian besar perguruan tinggi di Indonesia masih menunda penyelenggaraan pembelajaran tatap muka (PTM) atau luring sampai akhir tahun 2021. Memasuki awal semester genap 2021/2022 (Januari-Februari 2022), banyak perguruan tinggi di Indonesia akhirnya mengeluarkan kebijakan penyelenggaraan PTM terbatas maupun 100%. Namun, kebijakan tersebut dibatalkan kembali akibat melonjaknya kasus positif Covid-19 varian Omicron di Indonesia. Ditinjau dari perspektif mahasiswa, perubahan mendadak terhadap kebijakan PTM tentu cukup menyusahkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor pendorong behavioral intention mahasiswa untuk menghadiri dan mengikuti perkuliahan luring dan menganalisis apakah terjadi perubahan signifikan pada niat perilaku mahasiswa selama satu tahun berselang.

Penelitian ini menggunakan tujuh variabel, yaitu Attitude Towards Behavior (ATB), Effort Expectancy (EE), Performance Expectancy (PE), Coronavirus Anxiety Level (CAL), Protective Behavior (PB), Behavioral Intention (BI), dan Actual Behavior (AB). Metode analisis data menggunakan PLS-SEM dengan jumlah sampel 400 responden pada masing-masing periode pengambilan data. Uji mediasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mediasi PB terhadap hubungan CAL dan BI. Uji komparatif menggunakan Mann-Whitney dilakukan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan signifikan pada BI mahasiswa di kedua periode pengambilan data (semester genap 2020/2021 dan semester genap 2021/2022).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan dari ATB, EE, dan PE terhadap BI. Namun, pengaruh CAL terhadap BI ditemukan tidak signifikan. CAL mempengaruh PB secara positif dan signifikan, namun PB ditemukan tidak memediasi hubungan CAL dan BI (no-effect non-mediation). Sementara itu, BI ditemukan dapat menjelaskan Actual Behavior mahasiswa untuk menghadiri dan mengikuti perkuliahan luring di masa pandemi Covid-19. Hasil uji komparatif terhadap BI menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada BI mahasiswa di kedua periode pengambilan data. Didapatkan bahwa BI mahasiswa pada semester genap 2021/2022 (Maret 2022) lebih rendah.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, various policies related to learning methods were issued by the Indonesian government, ranging from full online policies to hybrid learning. When the policy regarding hybrid learning methods contained in the Joint Decree of The Four Ministers dated August 7, 2020, was issued, most of the higher education institutions in Indonesia still postponed the implementation of face-to-face or offline learning until the end of 2021. Entering the beginning of the even semester 2021/2022 (January-February 2022), many higher education institutions finally issued a policy of implementing limited or 100% offline class. However, the policy was cancelled again due to the surge in positive cases of the Omicron variant of Covid-19 in Indonesia. From the student perspective, the sudden change in offline class policy is certainly quite troublesome. This study aims to determine the driving factors of students' behavioral intention to attend offline class and analyze whether there has been a significant change in student behavioral intentions over the past year.

This research examined seven variables, namely Attitude Towards Behavior (ATB), Effort Expectancy (EE), Performance Expectancy (PE), Coronavirus Anxiety Level (CAL), Protective Behavior (PB), Behavioral Intention (BI), and Actual Behavior (AB). PLS-SEM was used to analyze 400 respondents’ data. The mediation test was conducted to determine the effect of PB mediation on the relationship between CAL and BI. The comparative test using Mann-Whitney was carried out to determine whether there were significant differences in student BI in the two data collection periods (even semester 2020/2021 and even semester 2021/2022).

The results showed that there was a positive and significant effect of ATB, EE, and PE on BI. However, the effect of CAL on BI was found to be insignificant. CAL has a positive and significant effect on PB, but it was found that PB did not mediate the relationship between CAL and BI (no-effect non-mediation). Meanwhile, BI was found to be able to explain the actual behavior of students to attend offline classes during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of the comparative test on BI showed that there were significant differences in student BI in both periods of data collection. It was found that the BI of students in the even semester of 2021/2022 (March 2022) was lower.

Kata Kunci : behavioral intention, coronavirus anxiety, protective behavior, PLS-SEM, offline class