Kinetika Perubahan Kulit Buah Kakao Selama Penyimpanan: Karakteristik Fisik, Senyawa Fenolik dan Antioksidan
WA ODE NURHIDAYAH SALFI, Prof. Dr. Ir. Supriyadi, M.Sc.; Dr.nat. tech. Andriati Ningrum, S.T.P., M.Agr.
2023 | Tesis | S2 Teknologi Hasil Perkebunan
Cocoa pod husk (CPH) is a good source of nutraceuticals, one of the main nutraceutical components is phenolic compounds which are known to have potential as antioxidants. However, the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity can be affected by the storage condition of CPH just after harvest. Not only that, postharvest storage can also have an impact on the physical appearance of CPH. Research on the effect of postharvest storage conditions on bioactive compounds of CPH is still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of storage temperature on physical characteristics, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of CPH. In addition, the kinetics of changes in the measured quality parameters were also investigated. The variables in this study consisted of 2 factors, namely storage temperature (20, 30, 40 °C) and storage time (1, 3, 5, 7, 9 days). After the storage stage, CPH was tested for physical characteristics such as color, texture, and moisture content. Furthermore, CPH was dried, powdered, and then extracted. CPH extract was then further analyzed for the identity of phenolic compounds, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity (%RSA). The results showed that storage for 9 days reduced the color L*, a*, b* of the CPH while increasing temperature had no significant effect. During storage time, the moisture content of CPH decreased at each temperature and the texture hardened only at 20 and 40 °C. TPC increased up to 97.9% at 20 °C for 9 days which was related to the increase in catechin content and antioxidant activity. The kinetics change of color (L*, a*, b*), moisture content, hardness, TPC and DPPH following the first-order kinetic model while change of catechin, caffeic acid, and total color change (?E) follows the zero-order kinetic model. The small activation energy (Ea) for ?E, caffeic acid and catechin parameters of 0.04, -1.06 and -4.73 respectively indicated that storage temperatures tend to easily damage the color of CPH but the catechin and caffeic acid compounds in CPH were easily formed. Overall, it is recommended to store CPH at 20 °C for 9 days and it is not recommended to store CPH for more than 5 days at 30 °C because it is easily contaminated with mold.
Kata Kunci : Aktivitas antioksidan, karakteristik fisik, kulit buah kakao, senyawa fenolik