Tingkat Infeksi, Analisis Filogenetik, dan Resistensi Antibiotik Salmonella enterica pada Kucing dan Anjing di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

ELPHAN AUGUSTA KAJANG, Dr. drh. Widagdo Sri Nugroho, M.P. ; Prof. Dr. drh. Aris Haryanto, M. Si

2023 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Salmonellosis merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan Salmonella spp. yang bersifat zoonotik dan termasuk food borne disease. Salmonella spp. ditemukan pada kucing dan anjing sehingga berpotensi sebagai sumber penularan Salmonellosis pada manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan survei terhadap tingkat infeksi, uji resistensi antibiotik, dan analisis filogenetik Salmonella enterica pada kucing dan anjing di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 250 swab rektum yang berasal dari 83 ekor anjing dan 167 ekor kucing. Isolasi dan identifikasi menggunakan media Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD), Triple Sugar Iron agar (TSIA), dan Lysine Iron Agar (LIA). Isolat yang diperoleh dikonfirmasi sebagai Salmonela enterica menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) dengan primer forward (5-CTAAGTATGACATTCCGGT-3) dan reverse (5-CCAAAGACTATCTGCGGAAT-3)dengan target gen IroB, hasil sekuensing diolah menggunakan Basic Local Aligment Search Tool (BLAST). Pengujian resistensi isolat Salmonella enterica terhadap Penicillin , Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Neomycin, Tetracycline, dan Enrofloxacin menggunakan metode Kirby Bauer. Analisis data secara statistik deskriptif, analisis filogenetik menggunakan software MEGA11. Hasil PCR terdeteksi 30 isolat Salmonella enterica yang menginfeksi kucing 19 ekor dan anjing 11 ekor. Beberapa isolat dari kucing terkonfirmasi memiliki kekerabatan dengan serovar Typhimurium, Weltevreden, dan Havana, sedangkan isolat dari anjing memiliki kekerabatan dengan serovar Weltevreden. Isolat yang ditemukan resisten terhadap Penicillin sebanyak 29 isolat, Enrofloxacin sebanyak 13 isolat, Neomycin sebanyak 1 isolat, Tetracycline sebanyak 17 isolat, Streptomycin sebanyak 19 isolat, Ampicillin sebanyak 25 isolat. Ditemukan juga 10 isolat yang multiresisten hingga 5 jenis antibiotik. Tingkat infeksi Salmonella enterica pada pasien RSH/Klinik di DIY pada anjing sebesar 13,25 %  kucing sebesar 11,27 %.

Salmonellosis is an infectious disease that is zoonotic and includes food borne disease. Salmonella spp. can also be found in pets so that it can be a source of transmission of Salmonellosis to humans. The purpose of this study was to determine suvey of infection rates, antibiotic resistance, and phylogenetic analysis of Salmonella enterica in dogs and cats in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). A total of 250 rectal swabs from 83 dogs and 167 cats were taken in this study. Isolation and identification using Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD), Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), and Lysine Iron Agar (LIA) media. The isolates were confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using a primer Forward primer (5-GCTAAGTATGACATTCCGGT-3) and reverse (5-CCAAAGACT ATCTGCGGAAT-3) with targeting the IroB gene and Sequencing results are processed using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). The resistance test of Penicillin, Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Neomycin, Tetracycline, and Enrofloxacin was using Kirby Bauer methode. Data analysis was descriptive statistics based on anamnesis and questionnaires from pet owners as well as phylogenetic analysis using MEGA.11 software. 

PCR results detected 30 isolates of Salmonella enterica which infected 19 cats and 11 dogs. Several isolates from cats were confirmed to be related to the Typhimurium, Weltevreden, and Havana serovars, while isolates from dogs were related to the Weltevreden serovar. Twenty nine isolates were found to be resistant to Penicillin, 13 isolates to Enrofloxacin, 1 isolate to Neomycin, 17 isolates to Tetracycline, 19 isolates to Streptomycin, 25 isolates to Ampicillin. It was also found that 10 isolates were multiresistant to 5 types of antibiotics. The infection rate of Salmonella enterica in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in dogs is 13.25 % and cats is 11.27 %.

Kata Kunci : Salmonellosis, resistensi antibiotik, filogenetik, PCR