Karakteristik Ruang Antara (In-Between Space) di Tepi Sungai Martapura, Studi Kasus: Kampung Sasirangan, Kelurahan Seberang Mesjid, Banjarmasin

JULETA NADEA ANILAPUTRI, Syam Rachma Marcillia, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D.

2023 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Arsitektur

Identitas “Kota Seribu Sungai” menjadikan sungai memiliki makna sebagai identitas dan orientasi hidup. Kehidupan yang berorientasi pada sungai menimbulkan perilaku adaptif yang disebut budaya sungai. Namun, proses globalisasi telah menyebabkan pergeseran orientasi dari sungai ke darat dan menciptakan heterogenitas tipologi pada permukiman tepi sungai sehingga muncul variasi tipologi seperti atas sungai, bantaran sungai, dan tepian sungai. Kemunculan tipologi ini menciptakan ruang transisi yang disebut ruang in-between. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan pemanfaatan ruang in-between bagi masyarakat tepi Sungai Martapura berdasarkan karakteristik fisik ruang in-between yang ada di Kampung Sasirangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode explanatory sequential design, berdasarkan fase kuantitatif, analisis figure-ground dan teori ruang in-between ditemukan 8 jenis ruang. Karakteristik fisik ruang in-between pada ketiga tipologi memiliki kesamaan pada pola spasial yang linear, tata guna lahan yang public kecuali ruang Edge Defining Block – B yang bersifat private, dan enclosure yang bersifat open kecuali ruang Linear Open System – B yang bersifat semi-open. Variabel proporsi & hubungan ruang dan material tergolong variatif, namun ruang pada tipologi atas sungai menggunakan material kayu ulin untuk mencegah pelapukan akibat air sungai. Berdasarkan fase kualitatif, melalui metode place-centered mapping diketahui ada 3 kategori aktivitas yakni ekonomi, sosial & relaksasi, dan rumah tangga. Aktivitas ekonomi dominan terjadi pada tipologi tepian sungai, karena fungsi tata guna lahan yang open. Aktivitas rumah tangga dominan terjadi pada tipologi atas sungai, karena sungai menjadi orientasi hidup masyarakat tepi sungai. Kemudian aktivitas sosial & relaksasi paling banyak terekam dan terjadi pada tipologi bantaran sungai, sesuai dengan identitas dari Kampung Sasirangan yakni sebagai kampung wisata.

The identity of the “City of a Thousand Rivers” makes the river have the meaning of identity and life orientation. River-oriented life creates an adaptive behavior called budaya sungai. However, the process of globalization has caused a shift from river-oriented to land-oriented and created typological heterogeneity in riverside settlements such variations as tepian sungai, bantaran sungai, and atas sungai. The emergence of these typologies indirectly creates a transitional space called the in-between space. This study aims to identify the physical characteristics of the in-between spaces. This study aims to formulate the utilization of the in-between spaces for communities on Martapura Riverbank based on the physical characteristics of in-between space in Sasirangan Village. This study used the explanatory sequential design method, based on the quantitative phase, figure-ground analysis and in-between space theory found 8 types of space. The physical characteristics of the in-between spaces have in common such as a linear spatial pattern, public land use except for the Edge Defining Block – B space which is private, and the enclosure which is open except for the Linear Open System – B space which is semi-open. The proportion variable and the relationship between space and material are classified as varied, but the spaces at atas sungai typology uses ironwood as material to prevent weathering due to river water. Based on the qualitative phase, through the place-centered mapping method it is known that there are 3 activity categories namely economic, social & relaxation, and household. The dominant economic activity occurs on the typology of atas sungai, due to the open land use function. Dominant household activities occur on the typology of atas sungai because rivers are the life orientation of riverbank communities. Then social activities & relaxation are mostly recorded and occur on the typology of bantaran sungai, following the identity of Kampung Sasirangan, namely as a tourist village.

Kata Kunci : Tipologi Permukiman Tepi Sungai, Ruang In-Between, Metode Explanatory Sequential Design, Aktivitas, Place-Centered Mapping.