INSIDENSI SERANGAN ULAT GRAYAK JAGUNG (Spodoptera frugiperda) DAN PENGENDALIANNYA DI PULAU SOLOR

MARIA KRISTIANTI GELU HERIN, Prof. Dr. Ir. F. X. Wagiman, S.U. ; Dr. Ir. Arman Wijonarko, M.Sc

2023 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Jagung merupakan tanaman pangan utama di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) termasuk di Pulau Solor. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keparahan dan dampak serangan hama ulat grayak jagung (UGJ) jenis (Spodoptera frugiperda) serta upaya pengendaliannya di Pulau Solor. Data sekunder diperoleh dari Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian di Pulau Solor yang melayani tiga Kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Solor Timur, Solor Barat, dan Solor Selatan.  Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan responden. Responden yaitu petani jagung di Pulau Solor, sebanyak 120 orang yang diambil dengan multi stage sampling. Banyaknya desa sampel dari masing-masing kecamatan dan banyaknya responden dari setiap desa diambil secara purposif. Responden ditentukan dengan model bola es. Model regresi linier ganda (Multiple regression linear) diaplikasikan untuk analisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh dan berkorelasi dengan dampak serangan hama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa insiden serangan hama UGJ di Pulau Solor terjadi pada tahun 2019. Luas serangan tahun 2019, 2020, dan 2021 berkisar antara 9,1 -16,0%, 1,7 – 9,1?n 1,1 – 4,8%. Kerugian ekonomi menurut responden sebesar 9,3 – 56,7% rerata 34,6 ± 6,0%. Varietas jagung (1 komposit, 2 lokal, 3 hibrida) berkorelasi positif dengan dan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kerugian. Pengendalian hama UGJ di Pulau Solor dengan kearifan lokal yaitu ritual adat diyakini efektif oleh semua responden. Pengendaliaan dengan insektisida tidak banyak dilakukan sebatas adanya bantuan Pemerintah. Predator Mantidae, Lycosidae dan Carabidae ditemukan sedikit, belum diketahui perannya sebagai pengendali alami hama UGJ.  

Corn is the main food crop in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province, including In Solor Island. The aims of this study were to determine the severity and impact of the attack by the fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) and its control efforts in Solor Island. Secondary data was obtained from the Agricultural Extension Center in Solor Island which served three sub-districts, namely East Solor, West Solor and South Solor. Primary data obtained through interviews with respondents. Respondents, namely corn farmers in Solor Island, as many as 120 people were taken by multi-stage sampling. The number of sample villages from each sub-district and the number of respondents from each village were taken in proportion to the number of villages and farmers in each village. Respondents were determined by the ice ball model. Multiple linear regression models was applied to analyze the factors that influence and correlate with the impact of pest attacks. The results showed that incidents of FAW pest attacks In Solor Island occurred in 2019. The extent of attacks in 2019, 2020 and 2021 ranged from 9.1 -16.0%, 1.7 - 9.1% and 1.1 - 4.8%. Economic losses according to respondents amounted to 9.3 – 56.7% with average of 34.6 ± 6.0%. Corn varieties (1 composite, 2 local, 3 hybrids) have a positive correlation with and significant effect on losses. FAW pest control in Solor Island with lcal wisdom, namely traditional rituals, is believed to be effective by all respondents. Control with insecticides is not much done to the extent of government assistance. There are few predators of Mantidae, Lycosidae and Carabidae, however, their role as natural enemies for FAW pests is unknown.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: jagung, ritual adat, Solor, Spodoptera frugiperda, UGJ