Kajian ekosistem mangrove di Desa Letekonda Kabupaten Sumba Barat Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

KEREMATA, Frimery Arlini Paila Bauka, Prof.Dr. Shalihuddin Djalal Tandjung, MSc

2003 | Tesis | S2 Magister Pengelolaan Lingkungan

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Letekonda Kecamatan Laura Kabupaten Sumba Barat pada bulan Mei s/d Juni 2003. Tujuan penelitian ini, pertama mengetahui karakteristik fisik hutan mangrove, kedua mengetahui karakteristik biotik hutan mangrove serta ketiga mengetahui karakteristik sosial masyarakat di Desa Letekonda. Hutan mangrove di Desa Letekonda Kecamatan Laura Kabupaten Sumba Barat, tumbuh dan berkembang pada muara sungai. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode jalur atau transek dengan penetapan petak ukur secara Systematic sampling. Parameter yang diukur meliputi aspek fisik yaitu Kondisi tanah (tekstur tanah, pH, kadar bahan organik) , kondisi air (salinitas, pH, suhu) dan aspek biotik meliputi keanekaragaman jenis dan tingkat ( kerapatan, kekerapan, dominansi dan INP) serta aspek budaya meliputi (tingkat pendidikan dan pengetahuan, mata pencaharian, kesempatan kerja serta sikap dan persepsi). Hasil analisis faktor fisik kondisi tanah dan kondisi air mendukung untuk pertumbuhan hutan mangrove. Hasil analisis faktor biotik menunjukkan terdapat tiga jenis vegetasi penyusun hutan mangrove di Desa Letekonda yang terdiri atas Avicennia marina, Ceripos tagal dan Lumnitzera Sp. Hasil perhitungan INP (Indeks Nilai Penting) menunjukkan bahwa pada kawasan hutan mangrove di Desa Letekonda di dominasi oleh Avicennia marina untuk tingkat semai (103,86), tingkat tiang (148,83), dan tingkat pohon (143,76) sedangkan untuk keanekaragaman jenis hutan mangrove di Desa letekonda mempunyai nilai sangat kecil yaitu < 1 . Sikap dan persepsi masyarakat Desa Letekonda terhadap ekosistem hutan mangrove dari hasil quesioner dan wawancara menujukkan bahwa 58% dari responden berpersepsi dan bersikap negatif sedangkan sisanya 42% dari responden bersikap dan berpersepsi positif terhadap keterdapatan hutan mangrove

This research has been conducted in the Letekonda Village of the Laura Subdistrict of the Regency of Western Sumba from May up to and including juni 2003. It has a triple goal of (1) knowing the physical characteristics of mangrove forest, (2) knowing their biotic characteristics, and (3) knowing the social characteristic of the community of the Letekonda Village. The mangrove forests in the Letekonda Village grow and develop at the estuary of ist river. The method used in the research is strip method or what is called transept, by fixing the measured beds by way of systematic sampling. The measured parameters include the physical aspects, namely the soil conditions ( soil texture, pH, quality of the organic materials), the water condition (salinity, pH, temperature), the biotic aspects which include the diversity of kind and levels (density, Frequency, dominance, and INP(index of importance value)), and the culture aspects which include the level of education ang knowlwdge, livehood, work opportunity, attitudes, and perceptions. The results of the analysis of the physical factors of the soil conditions indicate what supports the growth of the mangrove forests. The results of the analysis of the biotic factors show the existence of three vegetation types which constitute the mangrove forests in the Letekonda Village, namely Avicennia marina, Ceriops Tagal, and Lumnitzera Sp. The results of the calculation of INP (the indeks of importance value) manifest that in the mangrove forests of the Letekonda Village INP is dominated by Avicennia marina 103,86 for the level of seedlings, 148,83 for the level of poles, and 143,76 for the level of tree, whereas the diversity of the kinds of the mangrove forests in the Letekonda Village only has a very low value, namely > 1. Concerning the attitudes and perceptions of the people, the questionnaires and interviews show that 58% of the respondents have negative perceptions and attitude, whereas the rest (42%) have pesitive perceptions and attitudes with regard to the existence of the mangrove forests.

Kata Kunci : Lingkungan Hidup,Ekosistem Mangrove