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tanggapan fisiologis, pertumbuhan dan produktivitas kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap pemupukan boron

Lukas Priyo Prasetiyanto, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, S.P., M.P., Ph.D. ; Dr. Ir. Eko Hanudin, M.S.

2023 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Boron (B) adalah unsur hara esensial mikro yang sangat diperlukan oleh tanaman terutama untuk mengendalikan produktivitas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis pupuk B yang optimal bagi tanaman kelapa sawit menghasilkan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Katingan, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah pada Januari – Desember 2022. Percobaan lapangan disusun menggunakan rancagan lingkungan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktor tunggal dengan tiga blok sebagai ulangan. Faktor yang diuji yaitu dosis pemupukan B, terdapat lima dosis yaitu 0 g.tegakan-1.semester-1 (kontrol); 25 g.tegakan-1.semester-1; aplikasi 50 g.tegakan-1.semester-1; aplikasi 75 g.tegakan-1.semester-1; dan aplikasi 100 g.tegakan-1.semester-1. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap beberapa variabel karakteristik cuaca mikro di lokasi kajian, karakteristik hara dan fisiologis jaringan daun, karakter morfologis dan pertumbuhan tanaman, komponen hasil dan hasil tanaman kelapa sawit. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis varian (ANOVA) ? 5 %, jika terdapat perbedaan nyata diuji lanjut dengan polynomial orthogonal. Hasil penelitian memberikan informasi bahwa pupuk B yang diaplikasikan pada komoditas kelapa sawit memiliki pengaruh positif pada kadar dan serapan B, fosofor (P) dan kalium (K) jaringan, kadar klorofil daun, jumlah pelepah, tinggi tanaman, luas daun per tanaman, indeks luas daun, bobot kering tanaman, fertilitas polen, fruit set, viabilitas polen, bobot tandan buah segar (TBS) dan produktivitas TBS. Dosis pupuk B yang optimal untuk memaksimalkan produktivitas TBS komoditas kelapa sawit yaitu 60,24 gram.tegakan-1.semester-1 dengan nilai maksimal produktivitas TBS yaitu 6,94 ton.ha-1.semester-1.

Boron (B) is an essential micro nutrient that is needed by oil palms, especially to control productivity. The aim of this research was to determine the optimal dose of B for mature oil palms. The research was conducted at a smallholder oil palm plantation located in Katingan Region, Central Kalimantan Province from January to December 2022. The field experiment was a single factor of Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three blocks as replications. The factor tested was the dose of B fertilization, there were five doses, namely 0 g. trunk-1. semester-1 (control); 25 g. trunk-1. semester-1; 50 g. trunk-1. semester-1; 75 g. trunk-1. semester-1; and 100 g. trunk-1. semester-1. Observations were done on several variables of micro-weather characteristics at the research site, nutrient and physiological characteristics of leaf, morphological characters and plant growth, yield and yield components of oil palms. The data obtained were then analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) ? 5 %, if there was a significant difference it was tested further with an orthogonal polynomial. The results showed that B have positive effects on leaf B, P and K concentration and absorption, leaf chlorophyll content, number of midribs, plant height, leaf area per trunk, leaf area index, crop dry weight, pollen fertility, fruit set, pollen viability, fresh fruit bunch weight (FFB) and FFB productivity. The optimal dose of B to maximize oil palms productivity was 60.24 g. trunk-1. semester-1 with a maximum value of FFB productivity of 6.94 tons. trunk-1. semester-1.

Kata Kunci : boron, kelapa sawit, produktivitas TBS.

  1. S2-2023-475861-abstract.pdf  
  2. S2-2023-475861-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S2-2023-475861-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S2-2023-475861-title.pdf