tanggapan fisiologis, pertumbuhan dan produktivitas kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap pemupukan boron
Lukas Priyo Prasetiyanto, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, S.P., M.P., Ph.D. ; Dr. Ir. Eko Hanudin, M.S.
2023 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi
Boron (B) adalah unsur hara esensial mikro yang sangat diperlukan oleh tanaman
terutama untuk mengendalikan produktivitas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk
mengetahui dosis pupuk B yang optimal bagi tanaman kelapa sawit menghasilkan. Penelitian
dilaksanakan di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat yang berlokasi di Kabupaten
Katingan, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah pada Januari – Desember 2022. Percobaan
lapangan disusun menggunakan rancagan lingkungan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL)
faktor tunggal dengan tiga blok sebagai ulangan. Faktor yang diuji yaitu dosis
pemupukan B, terdapat lima dosis yaitu 0 g.tegakan-1.semester-1
(kontrol); 25 g.tegakan-1.semester-1; aplikasi 50 g.tegakan-1.semester-1;
aplikasi 75 g.tegakan-1.semester-1; dan aplikasi 100 g.tegakan-1.semester-1.
Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap beberapa variabel karakteristik cuaca mikro di
lokasi kajian, karakteristik hara dan fisiologis jaringan daun, karakter
morfologis dan pertumbuhan tanaman, komponen hasil dan hasil tanaman kelapa
sawit. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis varian (ANOVA) ? 5 %, jika
terdapat perbedaan nyata diuji lanjut dengan polynomial orthogonal. Hasil
penelitian memberikan informasi bahwa pupuk B yang diaplikasikan pada komoditas
kelapa sawit memiliki pengaruh positif pada kadar dan serapan B, fosofor (P) dan
kalium (K) jaringan, kadar klorofil daun, jumlah pelepah, tinggi tanaman, luas
daun per tanaman, indeks luas daun, bobot kering tanaman, fertilitas polen, fruit set, viabilitas polen, bobot tandan
buah segar (TBS) dan produktivitas TBS. Dosis pupuk B yang optimal untuk
memaksimalkan produktivitas TBS komoditas kelapa sawit yaitu 60,24 gram.tegakan-1.semester-1
dengan nilai maksimal produktivitas TBS yaitu 6,94 ton.ha-1.semester-1.
Boron
(B) is an essential micro nutrient that is needed by oil palms, especially to
control productivity. The aim of this research was to determine the optimal
dose of B for mature oil palms. The research was conducted at a smallholder oil
palm plantation located in Katingan Region, Central Kalimantan Province from
January to December 2022. The field experiment was a single factor of
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three blocks as replications. The
factor tested was the dose of B fertilization, there were five doses, namely 0
g. trunk-1. semester-1 (control); 25 g. trunk-1.
semester-1; 50 g. trunk-1. semester-1; 75 g.
trunk-1. semester-1; and 100 g. trunk-1.
semester-1. Observations were done on several variables of
micro-weather characteristics at the research site, nutrient and physiological
characteristics of leaf, morphological characters and plant growth, yield and
yield components of oil palms. The data obtained were then analyzed with
analysis of variance (ANOVA) ? 5 %, if there was a significant difference it
was tested further with an orthogonal polynomial. The results showed that B
have positive effects on leaf B, P and K concentration and absorption, leaf
chlorophyll content, number of midribs, plant height, leaf area per trunk, leaf
area index, crop dry weight, pollen fertility, fruit set, pollen viability,
fresh fruit bunch weight (FFB) and FFB productivity. The optimal dose of B to maximize
oil palms productivity was 60.24 g. trunk-1. semester-1 with a maximum value of FFB productivity of 6.94 tons.
trunk-1. semester-1.
Kata Kunci : boron, kelapa sawit, produktivitas TBS.