Kepemimpinan Lokal Dan Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19 Melalui Kebijakan Penanganan Covid-19 Bernasis Lingkungan Perkotaan Di Kota Mataram

Diki Wahyudi, Prof. Dr. Sri Rum Giyarsih, S.Si., M.Si ; Dr. Ir. Dina Ruslanjari, M.Si

2023 | Tesis | S2 MAGISTER MANAJEMEN BENCANA

Coronavirus Disease 19 atau disingkat Covid-19 adalah virus yang ditemukan pertama kali di Kota Wuhan China. Virus ini telah menyebar di seluruh penjuru dunia termasuk Indonesia khususnya di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Kota Mataram menjadi wilayah yang memiliki kasus Covid-19 yang tinggi di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Covid-19 menimbulkan dampak yang cukup serius bagi semua aspek kehidupan, mulai dari kesehatan, ekonomi, sosial, budaya, pariwisata hingga ritual agama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan penanganan Covid-19 di Kota Mataram. Selanjutnya menganalisis peran kepemimpinan lokal dalam penanganan Covid-19, kemudian menganalisis bentuk partisipasi masyarakat dalam upaya menghadapi Covid-19 di Kota Mataram. Penelitian menggunakan teori kepemimpinan Max Weber sebagai pisau analisis yang utama dan konsep partisipasi dari Cohen dan Uphoff sebagai pendukung.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kebijakan penanganan Covid-19 berbasis lingkungan perkotaan efektif dalam menekan penyebaran Covid-19 di Kota Mataram. Implementasi kebijakan ini dilakukan dengan melibatkan peran serta semua elemen pemerintah, pemimpin lokal dan masyarakat. Peran kepemimpinan lokal menjadi salah satu kunci keberhasilan penanganan Covid-19 di Kota Mataram. Tiga tipe kepemimpinan lokal yang berperan yaitu kepemimpinan formal, kultural dan agamis. Partisipasi masyarakat di Kota Mataram sangat aktif dalam menghadapi Covid-19, mulai dari pengambilan keputusan, pelaksanaan, pemanfaatan dan evaluasi. Pada akhirnya sinergitas atau kolaborasi antara kepemimpinan lokal, pemerintah, dan masyarakat berhasil dalam penanganan Covid-19 di Kota Mataram. 

The Coronavirus Disease 19, was initially identified in the urban center of Wuhan, China. The viral outbreak has disseminated globally, encompassing Indonesia, with a notable concentration in West Nusa Tenggara. The urban locality of Mataram is a region that exhibits a significant incidence of Covid-19 infections within the jurisdiction of West Nusa Tenggara Province. The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted various facets of life, including but not limited to health, economy, social dynamics, cultural practices, tourism, and religious observances. This research aims to examine the strategies implemented for managing the Covid-19 pandemic in Mataram City. Subsequently, an examination of the function of the local leadership in managing the Covid-19 pandemic shall be conducted, followed by an analysis of the various modes of community involvement in the endeavors to address Covid-19 in the city of Mataram. The primary analytical framework employed in this study is Max Weber's leadership theory. At the same time, the concept of participation as posited by Cohen and Uphoff is utilized as a supplementary tool. The present study employed a qualitative methodology utilizing the lens of phenomenology. The research employed various methods for data collection, including in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings of this investigation suggest that Covid-19 containment measures based on urban environments are efficacious in mitigating the transmission of Covid-19 in Mataram City. The execution of this policy is executed through the engagement of all governmental entities, local leaders, and the general population. Effective management of the Covid-19 pandemic in the City of Mataram was contingent upon the pivotal role played by local leadership. Three distinct categories of influential local leadership exist: formal, cultural, and religious leadership. Furthermore, the community's involvement in Mataram City is highly engaged in addressing the Covid-19 pandemic, encompassing various stages such as decision-making, execution, utilization, and assessment. Ultimately, the effective management of Covid-19 in the City of Mataram. 

Kata Kunci : Covid-19, Kepemimpinan Lokal, Partisipasi Masyarakat, Kebijakan