Tekno-ekonomi Pendirian Pabrik Bioetanol Dari Singkong (Manihot Esculenta) Kapasitas Produksi 600.000 Ton/Tahun

Nourish Christine Griapon, Prof. Dr.Eng. Ir. Arief Budiman, M.S., IPU ; Dr. Nugroho Dewayanto S.T., M.Eng.

2023 | Tesis | S2 Magister Teknik Sistem

Pengembangan A20 yakni bahan bakar dengan emisi rendah campuran 5% etanol, 15% metanol dan 80% gasoline mempengaruhi meningkatnya kebutuhan bioetanol di Indonesia. Kebutuhan bioetanol yang terus meningkat di Indonesia menjadi alasan Indonesia secara mandiri untuk memenuhinya dengan mendirikan beberapa pabrik bioetanol maupun menginvestasikan modal untuk pembuatan etanol dari beberapa pabrik gula dengan sistem terintegrasi dengan bahan baku molase. Salah satu cara pemenuhan bioetanol adalah dengan membangun pabrik bioetanol dengan bahan baku singkong (Manihot Esculenta) dengan perbandingan hasil antara bahan baku singkong dan etanol adalah 6,1 : 1 dan kapasitas kebutuhan produksi yang diharapkan adalah 600.000 ton/tahun. Proses yang digunakan terbagi dalam 4 proses utama, pre-treatment, gelatinasi, fermentasi dan pemurnian. Metode perhitungan yang dilakukan adalah metode short-calculation untuk perhitungan proses produksi dengan memenuhi nilai fuel grade ethanol (FGE) 99,95?n perhitungan invetsasi (capex, opex), Payback Period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), dan Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pabrik ini layak untuk didirikan dengan skenario keadaan harga bahan baku dan harga jual etanol normal, harga bahan baku mengalami kenaikan dan penurunan harga sebesar 5?ri harga normal namun harga jual etanol tetap, dan harga bahan baku tetap namun harga jual etanol mengalami kenaikan dan penurunan harga sebesar 5?ri harga normal. NPV pada keadaan bahan baku dan harga jual normal adalah sebesar Rp 102 triliun. Persentase NPV untuk harga bahan baku naik 5% harga jual etanol tetap, harga bahan baku turun 5% harga jual etanol tetap, harga bahan baku tetap harga jual etanol naik 5%, harga bahan baku tetap harga jual etanol turun 5?alah -0,05% (naik), 0,05% (turun), 0,01% (turun) dan -0,01% (naik). PP terjadi pada 60 bulan 1 hari pada keadaan harga bahan baku dan harga jual etanol normal, 60 bulan 24 hari pada keadaan harga bahan baku naik 5% harga jual etabol tetap, 59 bulan 28 hari pada keadaan harga bahan baku turun 5% harga jual etanol tetap , 59 bulan 20 hari pada keadaan 59 bulan 20 hari pada keadaan harga bahan baku tetap harga jual etanol naik 5?n 59 bulan 28 hari pada keadaan harga bahan baku tetap harga jual etanol turun 5?ri harga normal. Nilai IRR untuk harga bahan daku dan harga jual etanol tetap, harga bahan baku naik 5% harga jual etanol tetap, harga bahan baku turun 5% harga jual etanol tetap, harga bahan baku tetap harga jual etanol naik 5?n harga bahan baku tetap harga jual turun 5?alah 18,613%, 18,342%, 18,883%, 18,645%, dan 18,582% sehingga memenuhi syarat utama studi kelayakan bisnis yakni NPV>0, PP<15>MARR. 

The development of A20, a low-emission fuel mixture of 5% ethanol, 15% methanol, and 80% gasoline, which affects the increasing demand for bioethanol in Indonesia. The increasing need for bioethanol in Indonesia is the reason for Indonesia to independently meet it by establishing several bioethanol factories or investing capital for the manufacture of ethanol from several sugar factories with an integrated system with molasses raw materials. One way to fulfill bioethanol is to build a bioethanol plant with cassava raw materials (Manihot Esculenta) with a yield ratio between cassava and ethanol raw materials is 6.1: 1 and the expected production capacity requirement is 600,000 tons/year. The process used is divided into 4 main processes, pre-treatment, gelantinase, fermentation, and purification. The calculation method carried out is a short-calculation method for the calculation of the production process by meeting the fuel grade ethanol (FGE) value of 99.95% and investment calculations (capex, opex), Payback Period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results showed that this factory is feasible to be established with a scenario, namely the condition of raw material prices and normal ethanol selling prices, raw material prices have increased and decreased prices by 5% from normal prices, but the selling price of ethanol remains and the state of raw material prices is fixed, while the selling price of ethanol has increased and decreased prices by 5% from normal prices. NPV in the state of raw materials and normal selling prices is Rp 102 trillion. The NPV percentage for raw material prices increased by 5%, fixed ethanol selling prices, raw material prices decreased by 5%, fixed ethanol selling prices, fixed raw material prices, ethanol selling prices rose by 5%, and fixed raw material prices, ethanol selling prices fell by 5%, were -0.05% (up), 0.05% (down), 0.01% (down) and -0.01% (up). PP occurs in 60 months 1 day in the state of raw material prices and normal ethanol selling prices, 60 months 24 days in the condition of raw material prices rising 5% fixed ethanol selling prices, 59 months 28 days in conditions of raw material prices falling 5% fixed ethanol selling prices, 59 months 20 days in conditions of fixed raw material prices ethanol selling prices rising and 59 months 28 days in fixed raw material prices ethanol selling prices fell 5% of the normal price. The IRR value for raw material prices increased by 5%, fixed ethanol selling prices, raw material prices decreased by 5%, fixed ethanol selling prices, fixed raw material prices, ethanol selling prices rose by 5%, and fixed raw material prices, ethanol selling prices fell by 5%, were 18.613%, 18.342%, 18.883%, 18.645%, and 18.582%, thus meeting the main requirements of business feasibility studies, namely NPV > 0, PP < 15> MARR.

Kata Kunci : A20, Singkong, Etanol, Net Present Value, Payback Period, Internal Rate of Return