Survey Keberadaan Harimau Jawa (Panthera tigris sondaica) dan Mangsa Menggunakan Sign-Based Method dan Camera Trap di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri Jember Jawa Timur

IIS PRIYANTINI, Dr. Ir. Satyawan Pudyatmoko, M. Sc.

2006 | Skripsi | S2 Kehutanan

Keberadaan Harimau Jawa di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri masih terjadi perdebatan, tetapi masyarakat lokal masih meyakini bahwa karnivora tersebut masih ada. Berdasarkan permasalahan di atas penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan Harimau Jawa; jenis-jenis mangsa, populasi kelimpahan dan persebaran mangsa Harimau Jawa di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri, Kotatif Jember, Propinsi Jawa Timur pada bulan Oktober 2004 sampai dengan bulan Maret 2005. Penelitian rnenggunakan Sign Based Method dan Camera Trap. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan memasang 13 Camera Trap di habitat yang dimungkinkan sebagai ternpat Harimau Jawa dan mencermati tanda/ bekas aktivitas yang ditinggalkan seperti kotoran, rambut, jejak dan cakaran di pohon. Kandungan kotoran dianalisis untuk mengetahui jenis satwa yang dimangsa Harimau Jawa. Kelimpahan populasi dan penyebaran satwa mangsa didasarkan pada hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Penyebaran satwa mangsa diolah menggunakan software SIG -Arcview 3.3. Berdasarkan temuan kotoran, rambut dan cakaran rnenunjukkan bahwa Harimau Jawa masih ada di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri. Tanda/ bekas aktivitas ditemukan di jalur Sanen -Pantai Meru terutama di daerah Petung (Blok Watu Gembuk) dan Pondok Entog (Segatel) -Pancur. Hasil terpotret Camera Trap tidak diperoleh gambar Harirnau Jawa, diindikasikan populasinya di taman nasional ini mengalarni penurunan yang tajam. Jenis mangsa berdasarkan basil analisis kotoran ialah Kijang (Cavus timorensis), Babi Hutan (Sus scrofa) dan Kera (Macaca fascicularis). Populasi kelimpahan Kijang 312 ekor, Banteng 142 ekor di Resort Ambulu dan 90 ekor di Resort Sarongan, Kera 86 ekor di Resort Bandealit dan 85 ekor di Resort Sukamade, dan Lutung budeng 289 ekor di Resort Bandealit dan 310 ekor di Resort Sukamade. Penyebaran Harimau Jawa terfokus pada kawasan Taman Nasional Meru Betiri blok Tengah Timur.

The existence of Javan Tiger in Meru Betiri National Park is still under debate. Local people and local experts believe that this carnivore still exists. This research aimed to survey Javan Tiger, the distribution and abundance of its prey species. This research was conducted in Meru Betiri. National Park, Kotatif Jember, East Java Province from October 2004 to March 2005. Sign Based Method and Camera Trap were used to survey the Javan tiger and its preys. Thirteen Camera Traps installed inside the home range of Javan Tiger , in addition finding of feces, hairs, tracks and scraches on tree that were suspected to be done or left by tiger were carefully assessed and analyzed. Feces analysis is conducted to determine the preys of tiger. Secondary data was used to estimate the number and abundance of prey species. The distribution of prey was analyzed with software SlG -Arcview 3.3. Based on the finding of hairs, feces and scratches, it can be concluded that the Javan Tiger is still present in Meru Betiri National Park. The signs were found in Sanen -Meru, Petung ( Block Watu Gembuk), Pondok Entog ( Segatel) and Pancur. However, no single tiger could be capture by Camera Traps, indicating that the density of tiger in Park was extremely low. Preys of tiger included Deer (Cervus timorensis), Pig (Sus scrofa) and Monkey (Macaca fascicularis). The estimates number of Deer is 312 individuals, Banteng 142 individuals in Resort Arnbulu and 90 individuals in Resort Sarongan, Monkey 86 individuals in Resort Bandealit and 85 individuals in Resort Sukamade, and Leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus auratus) 289 in Resort Bandealit and 310 individuals in Resort Sukamade. The distribution of Javan Tiger in Meru Betiri National Park at Middle East block.

Kata Kunci : Harimau Jawa, Mangsa, Sign Based Method, Camera Trap. Taman Nasional Meru Betiri